Master of Occupational Therapy MCQ Flashcards

Which of the following better represents cardiovascular and respiratory fitness?

Answer: Maximum oxygen capacity

Maximum oxygen capacity, or VO2 max, represents the highest rate at which an individual can consume oxygen during maximal exercise. It is widely considered the gold standard measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. A higher VO2 max indicates a more efficient cardiovascular and respiratory system in delivering oxygen to working muscles and utilizing it for energy production.

Which of the following statements about neuropraxia is accurate?

Answer: Specific type of nerve injury where only the axon is physically disrupted, with preservation of the enveloping endoneurial and other supporting connective issue structures

This statement accurately defines axonotmesis, a type of nerve injury where the axon is severed, but the surrounding connective tissue sheaths (endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium) remain intact. This preservation allows for potential regeneration of the axon along its original pathway. While the question asks about 'neuropraxia,' which is a temporary conduction block without structural damage, the provided correct answer describes axonotmesis.

Which of the following does "Maslow's self actualization theory" not consider to be a characteristic of "optimal people"?

Answer: Accepts conformity to the culture

Maslow's theory of self-actualization describes individuals who have reached their full potential. These 'optimal people' are characterized by traits like spontaneity, autonomy, independence, and a deep connection to their inner selves. They tend to be non-conformist and resistant to enculturation, prioritizing personal growth and authenticity over societal expectations or cultural norms.

Social issues affecting the disabled

Answer: All of the above

Individuals with disabilities often face a multitude of social issues that hinder their full participation and well-being. These include a lack of comprehensive data and statistics, poor implementation of existing policies and schemes, and pervasive societal discrimination. All these factors create significant barriers to their inclusion and equal opportunities.

Sensory processing issues are common in people with autism spectrum disorder.

Answer: 80-90%

Research indicates that a very high percentage of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience significant sensory processing issues. These challenges can manifest as hypersensitivity (over-responsiveness) or hyposensitivity (under-responsiveness) to various sensory stimuli, including sounds, textures, lights, and tastes. These sensory differences profoundly impact their daily functioning and engagement with the environment.

The robotic equipment used for upper limb rehabilitation is which of the following?

Answer: Both 1 and 2

Robotic rehabilitation devices are increasingly used to assist in motor recovery, particularly for the upper limbs. The MIT-MANUS and ARMin robot are two prominent examples of such equipment designed for upper limb therapy. These robots provide repetitive, high-intensity, and task-specific training, which can enhance motor learning and functional outcomes for patients with neurological impairments.

The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) includes:

Answer: 18 activities

The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a widely used assessment tool in rehabilitation to measure a patient's level of disability and how much assistance they require to perform basic life activities. It comprises 18 specific activities across six domains: self-care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, communication, and social cognition. Each activity is scored on a 7-point scale, indicating the level of independence.

At the age of -, the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) vanishes.

Answer: 4months

The Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) is a primitive reflex observed in infants, typically present from birth. It is characterized by the 'fencing posture' where the head turns to one side, the arm and leg on that side extend, and the opposite arm and leg flex. This reflex normally integrates and disappears around 4 to 6 months of age, allowing for more voluntary and symmetrical movements.

Special sensory cranial nerve components are not connected to:

Answer: Vagus nerve

Special sensory cranial nerves are primarily associated with senses like smell, taste, vision, and hearing. While the Olfactory nerve (CN I) is purely special sensory for smell, and the Facial nerve (CN VII) carries taste, the Vagus nerve (CN X) is predominantly known for its extensive motor and parasympathetic innervation to visceral organs. Although it does carry a minor component of taste sensation from the epiglottis, its primary roles are not special sensory, making it distinct from nerves whose main function is special sensation.

Hand-knee gait is frequently caused by:

Answer: Weakness of quadriceps

Hand-knee gait, also known as quadriceps gait or genu recurvatum gait, is a compensatory walking pattern. It occurs when there is significant weakness in the quadriceps muscles, which are essential for knee extension and stabilizing the knee during the stance phase of gait. Patients compensate by hyperextending the knee and often pressing on the thigh with their hand to prevent the knee from buckling.

Two vertebral bodies, a disc, facet joints, and ligaments make up the smallest functional spinal unit at each level of the spine, with the exception of -

Answer: C1-C2

The typical functional spinal unit consists of two adjacent vertebral bodies, the intervertebral disc between them, facet joints, and ligaments. However, the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae are unique. They articulate differently, lacking an intervertebral disc and having specialized joints (atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial) that allow for head rotation, thus not forming a typical functional spinal unit.

Which of the following does the Tibialis Anterior not perform?

Answer: Maintains lateral longitudinal arch of the foot

The Tibialis Anterior muscle is a primary dorsiflexor and invertor of the foot. It plays a crucial role in lifting the foot during the swing phase of gait and controlling foot placement on uneven ground. While it contributes to maintaining the medial longitudinal arch, it does not primarily maintain the lateral longitudinal arch, which is supported more by muscles like the fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis.

Rankin Scale Modified Level 2 Devotees -

Answer: Slight disability

The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a common tool used to measure the degree of disability or dependence in daily activities for people who have experienced a stroke or other neurological conditions. A score of Level 2 on the mRS indicates 'Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to manage own affairs without assistance.' This means they can live independently but may have some limitations in complex tasks.

the syndrome of autosomal recessive family cancer is

Answer: Ataxia-telangiectasia

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasias, and immunodeficiency. It is also recognized as a familial cancer syndrome due to a high predisposition to various cancers, particularly lymphomas and leukemias, resulting from mutations in the ATM gene which plays a critical role in DNA repair.

What is affected by dyslexia

Answer: Reading and learning

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that primarily affects an individual's ability to read. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling abilities. These challenges stem from a deficit in the phonological component of language, often impacting overall learning, especially in academic settings.

Thermometer sterilization is best accomplished using:

Answer: Alcohol

Alcohol, typically 70% isopropyl alcohol, is commonly used for thermometer sterilization in clinical settings. It acts as a disinfectant by denaturing proteins and dissolving lipids, effectively killing most bacteria, fungi, and viruses on the surface. While other methods like autoclaving provide higher levels of sterilization, alcohol is a practical and quick method for surface disinfection of non-critical items like thermometers.