Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is classified as a multiaxial synovial joint?

Answer: Ball-and-socket joint

Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., hip, shoulder) allow movement in all three planes plus circumduction, making them the most mobile joint type.

In a patient with C6 spinal cord injury, which muscle function is preserved that allows tenodesis grasp?

Answer: Wrist extensors (ECRL/ECRB)

C6 SCI preserves wrist extension, enabling passive finger flexion through tenodesis as the wrist extends, allowing a functional grasp without active finger flexors.

The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, provides sensory innervation to which area?

Answer: Medial leg and foot

The saphenous nerve is the terminal sensory branch of the femoral nerve, supplying the medial aspect of the leg from the knee to the medial foot.

Which lung lobe is most commonly affected by aspiration pneumonia in a supine patient?

Answer: Right lower lobe (posterior segment)

In supine patients, gravity directs aspirated material to the posterior segment of the right lower lobe due to the more vertical angle of the right main bronchus.

Which anatomical structure separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh?

Answer: Lateral and medial intermuscular septa

The lateral and medial femoral intermuscular septa extend from the fascia lata to the femur, separating the anterior, posterior, and medial thigh compartments.

An OT is treating a client with Swan neck deformity. Which joint positions characterize this deformity?

Answer: PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion

Swan neck deformity presents with PIP joint hyperextension and DIP joint flexion, commonly caused by intrinsic muscle tightness or volar plate laxity.

Which muscle group is responsible for producing inversion of the foot?

Answer: Tibialis anterior and posterior

The tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion + inversion) and tibialis posterior (plantarflexion + inversion) are the primary inverters of the foot.