Use of Force Framework Flashcards
6 cards from real Ontario Security Guard Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Use of Force Framework flashcards as text
What is the primary principle governing use of force by security guards in Ontario?
Answer: Only the minimum force reasonably necessary in the circumstances may be used
The fundamental principle is that only the minimum force reasonably necessary to achieve a lawful objective may be used. This is grounded in section 25 of the Criminal Code.
What is the 'Use of Force Continuum' or 'Force Options Model'?
Answer: A framework that shows escalating levels of force a security guard may use in response to escalating levels of threat
The Use of Force Continuum outlines levels of force from officer presence (lowest) through verbal commands, physical control, intermediate weapons, to lethal force (highest), matched to corresponding threat levels.
What is the lowest level on the Use of Force Continuum?
Answer: Officer/guard presence
Officer/guard presence is the lowest level on the continuum. Simply being visible in uniform can deter unwanted behaviour without any verbal or physical intervention.
Under Canadian law, when is a security guard justified in using force?
Answer: When making a lawful arrest, preventing a crime, defending themselves or others, or removing a trespasser
Force may be justified in specific circumstances: making a lawful citizen's arrest, preventing the commission of an offence, self-defence or defence of others, and removing trespassers under the Trespass to Property Act.
What is the legal test for determining if force used by a security guard was 'reasonable'?
Answer: Whether a reasonable person in the same circumstances would have used the same level of force
The legal test is objective: would a reasonable person, facing the same circumstances and knowing what the guard knew, have used the same type and degree of force? This is assessed after the fact by courts.
What should a security guard do immediately after using force?
Answer: Check for injuries, render first aid if needed, call emergency services, and document the incident thoroughly
After using force, the guard must check the subject for injuries, provide or arrange first aid, call police and paramedics if needed, and create a detailed written report of the incident.