Kinesiology & Biomechanics Flashcards

Which plane of the body divides it into anterior and posterior halves?

Answer: Frontal (coronal) plane

The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves.

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle produces force while lengthening?

Answer: Eccentric contraction

Eccentric contraction occurs when a muscle generates force while simultaneously lengthening, such as lowering a weight under control.

The axis of rotation for flexion and extension of the elbow joint runs in which direction?

Answer: Medial-lateral

Flexion and extension at the elbow occur around a medial-lateral (transverse) axis, allowing movement in the sagittal plane.

What term describes the ratio of force output to force input in a lever system?

Answer: Mechanical advantage

Mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force to input force in a lever system, indicating the efficiency of force transmission.

The biceps brachii crosses how many joints, making it a multi-joint muscle?

Answer: Two joints

The biceps brachii crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, classifying it as a bi-articular (two-joint) muscle.

Which class of lever has the fulcrum located between the effort and the load?

Answer: First-class lever

In a first-class lever, the fulcrum lies between the effort force and the resistance (load), like a seesaw; the atlanto-occipital joint is a human example.

Which term describes the movement of a limb segment away from the midline of the body?

Answer: Abduction

Abduction is the movement of a body segment away from the midline, such as raising the arm laterally from the side.