Logical and Deductive Reasoning Flashcards

All city inspectors must wear ID badges. Officer Chen is a city inspector. Which conclusion is valid?

Answer: Officer Chen must wear an ID badge

Since all city inspectors must wear ID badges and Officer Chen is a city inspector, she must wear one.

A supervisor reviews complaints in this order: written, then phone, then in-person. If three complaints arrive simultaneously — one of each type — which is reviewed last?

Answer: In-person

In-person complaints are third in priority, so they are reviewed last.

If no patrol officers work the night shift alone, and Rodriguez works the night shift, what must be true?

Answer: Rodriguez works with at least one other officer

Since no patrol officer works the night shift alone, Rodriguez must be accompanied by at least one other officer.

Records show: whenever overtime is approved, staffing levels are below 80%. Staffing is currently at 85%. What can be concluded?

Answer: Overtime will not be approved

Overtime is only approved when staffing is below 80%; at 85%, the condition is not met, so overtime will not be approved.

Five applicants — F, G, H, I, J — are ranked 1–5 (1 = highest). G ranks higher than I. I ranks higher than J. H ranks lower than F but higher than G. Who ranks lowest?

Answer: J

The chain F > H > G > I > J places J in the lowest position.

A policy states: 'Employees may take personal leave only if they have completed their probationary period.' Marcus has not completed his probationary period. What follows?

Answer: Marcus cannot take personal leave

Completing probation is a prerequisite for personal leave; Marcus lacks that prerequisite.

A report contains this statement: 'Most delays occur during peak hours, and peak hours are between 8–10 AM and 4–6 PM.' A delay is reported at 2 PM. What is the most logical inference?

Answer: This delay is more likely than not to be unusual

Since most delays happen during peak hours and 2 PM is not a peak hour, a 2 PM delay is relatively unusual.