Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Management Flashcards
7 cards from real NPTE-PT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Management flashcards as text
A patient reports dyspnea at rest, orthopnea requiring 3 pillows to sleep, and has a chest X-ray showing an enlarged cardiac silhouette. These findings are MOST consistent with:
Answer: Congestive heart failure
Dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, and an enlarged cardiac silhouette on chest X-ray are classic hallmarks of congestive heart failure.
Which metric is used to calculate a patient's target heart rate using the Karvonen (heart rate reserve) method?
Answer: (Max HR − Resting HR) × intensity% + Resting HR
The Karvonen formula uses heart rate reserve (max HR − resting HR) multiplied by the desired intensity percentage, then adds resting HR to give target HR.
A patient has a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 60% predicted and an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.65. These findings indicate:
Answer: Obstructive lung disease
A reduced FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.70 with a reduced FEV1% predicted is diagnostic of obstructive lung disease such as asthma or COPD.
When using the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) for airway clearance, the CORRECT sequence of components is:
Answer: Breathing control → thoracic expansion exercises → forced expiratory technique
ACBT follows the sequence: breathing control (diaphragmatic relaxation) → thoracic expansion exercises (deep breathing) → forced expiratory technique (huffing), repeated cyclically.
A patient with a spinal cord injury at C5 undergoes pulmonary function testing. The MOST expected finding is:
Answer: Reduced FVC with preserved FEV1/FVC ratio (restrictive pattern)
C5 SCI impairs intercostal and abdominal muscle function while partially preserving diaphragm function, resulting in reduced lung volumes and a restrictive pulmonary pattern.
During ambulation with a post-surgical patient, the therapist notes a heart rate increase from 72 bpm at rest to 130 bpm with mild activity. The MOST appropriate interpretation is:
Answer: A normal physiological response to exercise in a deconditioned patient
A heart rate of 130 bpm during mild activity in a deconditioned post-surgical patient is within an expected physiological range and does not alone indicate pathology.
A patient with emphysema demonstrates a barrel chest. Which underlying pathophysiological mechanism BEST explains this finding?
Answer: Air trapping due to loss of elastic recoil causing hyperinflation
Emphysema destroys alveolar walls and reduces elastic recoil, causing air trapping and chronic lung hyperinflation that remodels the chest into a barrel shape.