Infection Control and Medical Asepsis Flashcards

What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection in infection control?

Answer: Sterilization destroys ALL microorganisms including spores; disinfection reduces or destroys most microorganisms but not necessarily spores

Sterilization achieves complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores, and is required for surgical instruments; disinfection kills most pathogens but may not eliminate heat-resistant spores, making it appropriate for non-critical surfaces.

According to CDC hand hygiene guidelines, when is it MANDATORY to use soap and water rather than alcohol-based hand rub?

Answer: When hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood, body fluids, or after caring for a patient with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff)

Alcohol-based hand rubs are ineffective against C. difficile spores and do not remove visible organic matter; soap and water are required in these specific situations to mechanically remove organisms and contaminants.

What personal protective equipment (PPE) combination is required when a medical assistant anticipates exposure to blood or body fluids during a procedure?

Answer: Gloves at minimum; add mask/eye protection and gown when splashing or spraying is possible

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard requires gloves for all procedures involving potential blood/body fluid contact, with mask, eye protection, and gown added when splashing or aerosolization is anticipated.

What is the purpose of the autoclave biological indicator (spore test)?

Answer: To verify that the autoclave achieved conditions sufficient to kill the most resistant microorganisms (Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores)

Biological indicators contain strips or vials of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores — the most heat-resistant organisms used as a benchmark; if incubation after the cycle shows no growth, sterilization was successful.

Which transmission-based precaution category is used for tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer: Airborne precautions (N95 respirator, negative pressure room)

TB is transmitted via small airborne particles (droplet nuclei <5 microns) that remain suspended in air for extended periods; airborne precautions including N95 respirator and negative-pressure isolation room are required.

What does the term 'fomite' mean in the context of infection control?

Answer: An inanimate object that can harbor and transmit infectious organisms (e.g., doorknobs, stethoscopes, examination tables)

A fomite is any inanimate object (surface or equipment) that becomes contaminated with infectious agents and can serve as an indirect transmission vehicle between patients or between patients and healthcare workers.