Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Which bony structure encloses and protects the brain?

Answer: Cranium

The cranium (skull) is the rigid bony structure that surrounds and protects the brain from physical trauma.

What is the normal resting respiratory rate for a healthy adult?

Answer: 12–20 breaths per minute

A normal adult resting respiratory rate is 12–20 breaths per minute; rates outside this range may indicate a medical concern.

Which part of a neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Answer: Dendrite

Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive chemical signals from other neurons and convey them toward the cell body.

The term 'homeostasis' refers to which of the following?

Answer: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Homeostasis is the body's self-regulating process that maintains stable internal conditions such as temperature, pH, and glucose levels despite external changes.

Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

Answer: Type O negative

Type O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens on red blood cells, making it compatible with all blood types and usable in emergencies.

At which structure does the trachea divide into the right and left main bronchi?

Answer: Carina

The carina is the cartilaginous ridge at the base of the trachea where it bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi leading to each lung.

Which organ produces bile that is subsequently stored in the gallbladder and used for fat digestion?

Answer: Liver

The liver produces bile continuously; bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder until released into the small intestine to emulsify dietary fats.