Applied Science and Anatomy Flashcards

Which of the following best describes the periosteum?

Answer: The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone

The periosteum is a dense fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bones except at articular surfaces.

What is the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Answer: Resorb and break down bone tissue

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that secrete acids and enzymes to resorb bone matrix during remodeling and repair.

Which nerve is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot and may be compressed at the fibular head?

Answer: Common peroneal nerve

The common peroneal (fibular) nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula and innervates muscles that dorsiflex and evert the foot.

The anatomical term 'supine' describes which body position?

Answer: Lying face up

Supine means lying on the back with the face upward, which is the opposite of the prone position.

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for spinal extension and is targeted during deep tissue work to the back?

Answer: Erector spinae group

The erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) runs parallel to the spine and is the primary extensor of the vertebral column.

What does the term 'agonist' mean in the context of muscle function?

Answer: The primary muscle producing a movement

The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint.

Which organ produces bile and is the largest glandular organ in the body?

Answer: Liver

The liver produces bile for fat emulsification, detoxifies blood, metabolizes nutrients, and is the largest internal glandular organ.