Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is classified as a synovial joint?

Answer: Ball-and-socket

Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, allow movement in all planes including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

The femoral triangle is bordered by which three structures?

Answer: Inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus

The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, laterally by the sartorius, and medially by the adductor longus muscle.

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex and plays a key role in regulating sodium retention and potassium excretion?

Answer: Aldosterone

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.

What is the anatomical term for the movement of turning the palm to face posteriorly (downward when the arm is at the side)?

Answer: Pronation

Pronation is the rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm to face posteriorly, involving the radius crossing over the ulna.

Which cells in the bone produce new bone matrix and are derived from osteogenic cells?

Answer: Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize and secrete collagen and other components of the bone matrix, eventually becoming trapped as osteocytes.

The popliteal fossa is located in which anatomical region?

Answer: Behind the knee

The popliteal fossa is the diamond-shaped space at the posterior aspect of the knee, containing the popliteal artery, vein, and tibial nerve.

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Answer: Pulmonary vein

The pulmonary veins (four total) return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich blood.