Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and intestines?

Answer: Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines hollow organs, controlling functions like digestion and blood vessel tone.

The olecranon process is a bony landmark located on which bone?

Answer: Ulna

The olecranon process is the large posterior projection of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the majority of parasympathetic functions in the thorax and abdomen?

Answer: Vagus (CN X)

The vagus nerve (CN X) is the primary parasympathetic nerve, innervating the heart, lungs, and most abdominal organs.

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Answer: Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Surfactant is a phospholipid substance produced by type II pneumocytes that lowers surface tension within alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation.

The inguinal ligament extends between which two bony landmarks?

Answer: Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle, forming the floor of the inguinal canal.

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the contraction of the ventricles?

Answer: Ventricular systole

Ventricular systole is the phase when ventricles contract, ejecting blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Which layer of skin contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands?

Answer: Dermis

The dermis contains hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands, sweat glands, nerves, and blood vessels.