Anatomy and Kinesiology Flashcards

Which muscle is responsible for retracting (adducting) the scapula?

Answer: Rhomboids

The rhomboid major and minor retract (adduct) the scapula toward the vertebral column and are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.

In anatomical position, the radius is located on which side of the forearm?

Answer: Lateral (thumb) side

In anatomical position (palms forward), the radius is the lateral forearm bone on the thumb side, and the ulna is medial.

What is the primary function of the transverse abdominis muscle?

Answer: Spinal stabilization by increasing intra-abdominal pressure

The transversus abdominis acts as a corset muscle, contracting to increase intra-abdominal pressure and stabilize the lumbar spine before limb movement.

The Achilles tendon is the combined tendon of which two muscles?

Answer: Gastrocnemius and soleus

The Achilles (calcaneal) tendon is the combined insertion of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles into the posterior calcaneus.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of most facial expression muscles?

Answer: Cranial nerve VII (Facial)

Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, while CN V provides sensory innervation to the face.

What is the name of the connective tissue sheath that surrounds an entire muscle?

Answer: Epimysium

The epimysium is the outermost connective tissue layer surrounding the entire muscle belly; perimysium surrounds fascicles and endomysium surrounds individual fibers.

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while under tension?

Answer: Eccentric contraction

Eccentric contraction occurs when a muscle generates force while lengthening, such as the quadriceps controlling descent when walking downstairs.