Anatomy and Kinesiology Flashcards
7 cards from real NCBTMB practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy and Kinesiology flashcards as text
Which muscle is the prime mover for shoulder abduction between 90–180 degrees?
Answer: Trapezius (upper)
Above 90 degrees of shoulder abduction, the upper trapezius and serratus anterior rotate the scapula to complete the movement.
The thoracolumbar fascia connects which two major structures?
Answer: Latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus
The thoracolumbar fascia is a key force-transfer structure linking the latissimus dorsi to the contralateral gluteus maximus.
Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured due to a fall on an outstretched hand?
Answer: Scaphoid
The scaphoid is the most frequently fractured carpal bone and risks avascular necrosis due to its blood supply entering distally.
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Answer: Saddle joint
The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint, allowing elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, and rotation of the clavicle.
The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which structure?
Answer: Inguinal ligament
The inguinal ligament forms the superior (base) boundary of the femoral triangle, while sartorius and adductor longus form its lateral and medial walls.
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Answer: Phrenic nerve (C3–C5)
The phrenic nerve (C3–C5) is the motor innervation to the diaphragm; the mnemonic 'C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive' is commonly used.
Plantarflexion is primarily produced by which muscle group?
Answer: Gastrocnemius and soleus
The gastrocnemius and soleus (triceps surae) are the primary plantarflexors, inserting via the Achilles tendon onto the calcaneus.