Learning and Development Flashcards

According to Piaget, a child who can think logically about concrete objects but not yet about abstract concepts is in which stage?

Answer: Concrete Operational

The Concrete Operational stage (ages 7-11) is characterized by logical thinking tied to concrete, tangible objects and events.

Which theorist proposed that social and emotional development occurs in eight stages across the lifespan, each characterized by a psychosocial crisis?

Answer: Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory describes eight developmental stages, each with a crisis that must be resolved for healthy development.

A Grade 9 student who excels in basketball but struggles with academics focuses intensely on sports to feel capable. According to Erikson, this student is trying to resolve which psychosocial conflict?

Answer: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Adolescence (approximately ages 12-18) corresponds to Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, where teens explore who they are through roles, activities, and relationships.

Which principle of development states that physical development proceeds from the center of the body outward to the extremities?

Answer: Proximodistal principle

The proximodistal principle (near-far) means development proceeds from the center (trunk) outward to the hands and fingers.

Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 2 (Conventional Morality) is characterized by:

Answer: Following rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Conventional Morality (Stages 3 and 4) involves following rules and social norms to gain approval or maintain law and order.

Which term describes the process where a child uses existing knowledge frameworks (schemas) to make sense of new information?

Answer: Assimilation

Assimilation is Piaget's term for interpreting new experiences through existing schemas (mental frameworks) without changing those schemas.