Ultimate Flashcards

Which antibiotic is the first-line treatment for odontogenic infections in non-penicillin-allergic patients?

Answer: Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is the first-line antibiotic for odontogenic infections due to its broad-spectrum coverage of oral flora and good bioavailability.

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes. This type of inhibition is best classified as:

Answer: Covalent (irreversible) inhibition

Aspirin acetylates a serine residue on COX via a covalent bond, permanently inactivating the enzyme for the platelet's lifetime.

Which microorganism is the primary etiologic agent of early childhood caries (ECC)?

Answer: Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans is the primary pathogen in ECC due to its acidogenicity, aciduricity, and ability to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides for biofilm adherence.

A white, non-wipeable lesion on the floor of the mouth of a 60-year-old smoker is best classified as:

Answer: Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia is a clinical diagnosis for white plaques that cannot be scraped off and cannot be characterized as any other definable lesion.

Which analgesic is classified as a selective COX-2 inhibitor?

Answer: Celecoxib

Celecoxib selectively inhibits COX-2, reducing inflammation with less GI toxicity than non-selective NSAIDs that also block COX-1.

Which clinical scenario represents the strongest relative contraindication to vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics?

Answer: Severe uncontrolled hypertension

Severe uncontrolled hypertension is a relative contraindication to epinephrine because it can precipitate a hypertensive crisis or cardiac arrhythmia.

Oral candidiasis is most commonly caused by which Candida species?

Answer: Candida albicans

Candida albicans accounts for approximately 70-80% of oral candidiasis cases due to its ability to form hyphae and evade host defenses.