Science Content Knowledge Flashcards

Which of Newton Laws of Motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?

Answer: Third Law (Action-Reaction)

Newton Third Law states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first object.

What is photosynthesis, and where does it primarily occur in plant cells?

Answer: The process of converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose); occurs in the chloroplasts

Photosynthesis converts light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. It occurs in the chloroplasts, which contain the light-absorbing pigment chlorophyll.

Which of the following best explains why the Earth experiences seasons?

Answer: The tilt of Earth axis relative to its orbital plane around the Sun

Earth seasons result from the 23.5 degree tilt of its axis. When the Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the Sun it experiences summer; when it tilts away it experiences winter.

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another

The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted between forms.

What is a scientific hypothesis, and how does it differ from a theory?

Answer: A hypothesis is a testable, falsifiable prediction based on limited evidence; a theory is a well-substantiated explanation supported by extensive evidence and testing

A hypothesis is a preliminary, testable prediction, while a scientific theory is a comprehensive, well-tested explanation of natural phenomena supported by extensive evidence.

Which type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava?

Answer: Igneous rock

Igneous rocks form when magma (below the surface) or lava (at the surface) cools and solidifies. Examples include granite (intrusive) and basalt (extrusive).