Constitutional Rights Flashcards
7 cards from real MTA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Constitutional Rights flashcards as text
Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail?
Answer: Eighth Amendment
The Eighth Amendment specifically prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
The 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine provides that:
Answer: Evidence derived from an illegal search or seizure is also inadmissible
Fruit of the poisonous tree extends the exclusionary rule to all derivative evidence tainted by the initial constitutional violation.
Under the Fourth Amendment, a 'reasonable expectation of privacy' test was established in:
Answer: Katz v. United States
Katz v. United States (1967) established that Fourth Amendment protection follows a person's reasonable expectation of privacy, not just physical spaces.
An officer searches a home with a warrant for stolen electronics and finds illegal drugs in a desk drawer. The drugs are:
Answer: Admissible if the drugs were in a place where electronics could reasonably be found
Officers may seize items in plain view during a warrant search only if found in areas where the listed items could conceivably be located.
The 'good faith exception' to the exclusionary rule, established in United States v. Leon, allows admission of evidence when:
Answer: Officers act in objectively reasonable reliance on a facially valid warrant later found defective
Leon's good faith exception applies when officers reasonably rely on a warrant that is subsequently invalidated due to a defect.
What does the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment prohibit?
Answer: Being tried twice for the same offense after acquittal or conviction in the same jurisdiction
Double jeopardy bars retrial for the same offense after acquittal or conviction; the dual sovereignty doctrine allows separate state and federal prosecutions.
A lawful arrest for a traffic violation allows the officer to:
Answer: Search the passenger compartment of the vehicle incident to arrest at the time of the arrest
Arizona v. Gant limits search incident to arrest of a vehicle to areas within the arrestee's reach or when there is reason to believe evidence of the arrest offense is present.