Renal Nursing Flashcards
7 cards from real MSNCB practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Renal Nursing flashcards as text
A patient with nephrotic syndrome presents with pitting edema, proteinuria >3.5 g/day, and hypoalbuminemia. Which mechanism best explains the edema?
Answer: Decreased oncotic pressure due to protein loss in urine
Massive proteinuria depletes serum albumin, reducing oncotic pressure and allowing fluid to shift into the interstitial space.
Which sign or symptom indicates uremic encephalopathy in a patient with ESRD?
Answer: Asterixis and confusion
Asterixis (flapping tremor) and altered mental status are classic neurological manifestations of uremia affecting the central nervous system.
A nurse is preparing a patient for a renal biopsy. Which post-procedure instruction is most critical?
Answer: Monitor urine for hematuria and report persistent bleeding
Renal biopsy carries a risk of hemorrhage; monitoring urine for hematuria and reporting persistent or worsening bleeding is the priority post-procedure intervention.
Which dietary modification is appropriate for a patient with CKD to manage metabolic acidosis?
Answer: Use sodium bicarbonate supplementation as directed
Oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation is a recommended treatment for CKD-associated metabolic acidosis to maintain serum bicarbonate ≥22 mEq/L.
A patient receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) develops hypotension. What is the nurse's priority action?
Answer: Decrease or pause ultrafiltration and notify the physician
Hypotension during CRRT is often caused by excessive fluid removal; decreasing or pausing ultrafiltration and notifying the physician prevents hemodynamic compromise.
Which intervention best prevents contrast-induced nephropathy in a patient with CKD scheduled for a CT scan with contrast?
Answer: Provide IV normal saline hydration before and after the procedure
IV isotonic saline hydration before and after contrast administration is the most evidence-based intervention to reduce contrast-induced nephropathy.
A patient with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) reports severe flank pain and hematuria. Which complication should the nurse suspect first?
Answer: Cyst hemorrhage or rupture
Cyst hemorrhage or rupture is a common complication of PKD that presents with acute flank pain and gross hematuria.