MNT Onychomycosis and Fungal Infections

Question 1

The most common causative organism of onychomycosis is:

Accepted Answer

Trichophyton rubrum

Answer

Candida albicans

Answer

Aspergillus niger

Answer

Epidermophyton floccosum

Question 2

Distal-lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) characteristically begins at the:

Accepted Answer

Distal and lateral nail bed, progressing proximally

Answer

Proximal nail fold

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Ventral nail plate surface

Question 3

Which clinical sign distinguishes proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO) from other types?

Accepted Answer

White opacity beginning at the proximal nail plate near the cuticle

Answer

Yellow discoloration starting at the free edge

Answer

Total nail plate destruction

Answer

Green discoloration throughout

Question 4

Nail debridement in onychomycosis management primarily aims to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce fungal load and improve topical antifungal penetration to the nail bed

Answer

Cure the fungal infection permanently

Answer

Prevent regrowth of the nail plate

Answer

Eliminate all keratin debris permanently

Question 5

KOH (potassium hydroxide) preparation is used in onychomycosis diagnosis to:

Accepted Answer

Dissolve keratin and visualize fungal hyphae microscopically

Answer

Identify bacterial coinfection

Answer

Culture the specific species

Answer

Stain the nail for photographic documentation

Question 6

White superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Chalky-white patches on the dorsal nail plate surface that scrape off easily

Answer

Deep nail bed invasion

Answer

Proximal white leukonychia

Answer

Subungual hyperkeratosis only