MNT Nail Anatomy & Pathology

Question 1

What is the nail matrix and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

The tissue under the proximal nail fold that produces new nail cells (keratinocytes) for nail growth

Answer

The visible part of the nail plate

Answer

The skin surrounding the nail

Answer

The blood vessels under the nail

Question 2

What condition is characterized by thickened, discolored nails often caused by fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Onycholysis

Answer

Melanonychia

Question 3

What is onycholysis?

Accepted Answer

Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed

Answer

Fungal infection of the nail

Answer

Inflammation of the nail fold

Answer

Excessive nail growth

Question 4

What is the lunula?

Accepted Answer

The white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail visible through the nail plate

Answer

The tip of the nail

Answer

The cuticle

Answer

The nail root

Question 5

Why must medical nail technicians be able to identify nail melanoma?

Accepted Answer

Because nail melanoma can appear as a dark streak and early detection is critical for survival

Answer

Dark streaks on nails are always harmless

Answer

Melanoma never affects nails

Answer

Nail color changes only result from injury

Question 6

What is the hyponychium?

Accepted Answer

The skin beneath the free edge of the nail that seals the nail bed from external pathogens

Answer

The top layer of the nail plate

Answer

The cuticle at the base of the nail

Answer

The blood supply to the nail