Basic Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology Questions and Answers Flashcards
6 cards from real MLPAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Basic Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology Questions and Answers flashcards as text
Which blood type is considered the universal recipient for red blood cell transfusions?
Answer: Type AB positive
Type AB positive individuals are universal recipients for red blood cells because they have no ABO antibodies and have the Rh(D) antigen, so they can receive RBCs of any ABO and Rh(D) type.
What is the primary site of erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) in healthy adults?
Answer: Red bone marrow of flat and long bones
In healthy adults, erythropoiesis occurs in the red bone marrow of flat bones (sternum, ribs, pelvis, skull) and the proximal ends of long bones (femur, humerus).
In the coagulation cascade, which pathway is activated by tissue factor released from damaged tissue?
Answer: Extrinsic pathway (tissue factor pathway)
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by tissue factor (factor III) released from damaged cells outside the blood vessel, which activates factor VII to begin the coagulation cascade.
Which vitamin is essential for the post-translational carboxylation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X?
Answer: Vitamin K
Vitamin K is required for the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate residues on coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X, and the anticoagulant proteins C and S, enabling calcium binding and activation.
What is the normal pH range of human arterial blood?
Answer: 7.35-7.45
Normal arterial blood pH is 7.35-7.45. Values below 7.35 indicate acidosis; values above 7.45 indicate alkalosis.
Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell?
Answer: Anaphase
Anaphase is the phase of mitosis when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by spindle fibers attached to centromeres.