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Basic Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology Questions and Answers Flashcards

6 cards from real MLPAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Basic Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology Questions and Answers flashcards as text

  1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation in human cells?

    Answer: Mitochondria

    Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative phosphorylation, producing the majority of cellular ATP through the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle.

  2. In the ABO blood group system, a type B individual has which antigens and antibodies?

    Answer: B antigens on RBCs and anti-A antibodies in serum

    A type B individual has B antigens on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies (isohemagglutinins) in their plasma, following Landsteiner's rule.

  3. What is the primary function of albumin in human plasma?

    Answer: Maintenance of oncotic pressure and protein transport

    Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and serves to maintain colloid oncotic pressure (preventing fluid from leaking out of blood vessels) and to transport various substances including hormones, drugs, and bilirubin.

  4. During aerobic respiration, what molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    Answer: Oxygen

    Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, combining with electrons and protons to form water (H₂O) at Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase).

  5. The nephron is the functional unit of which organ?

    Answer: Kidney

    The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons that filter blood, reabsorb nutrients, and produce urine.

  6. Which hormone, produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, promotes cellular glucose uptake?

    Answer: Insulin

    Insulin, produced by pancreatic beta cells, promotes glucose uptake by cells (especially muscle and adipose tissue) and decreases blood glucose levels after meals.