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Maritime Environmental Law and Pollution Flashcards

7 cards from real Maritime Law practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What federal law is the primary U.S. statute governing oil pollution liability and compensation from vessels?

    Answer: Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90)

    The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) was enacted in response to the Exxon Valdez oil spill and is the primary U.S. law governing vessel oil pollution liability and compensation.

  2. MARPOL is the international convention that stands for:

    Answer: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships

    MARPOL (MARine POLlution) is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, adopted under the IMO in 1973 and modified by the 1978 Protocol.

  3. MARPOL Annex I primarily governs which type of pollution from ships?

    Answer: Prevention of pollution by oil

    MARPOL Annex I addresses the prevention of pollution by oil, establishing requirements for oil record books, oil/water separators, and discharge standards.

  4. Under OPA 90, who qualifies as the 'responsible party' for an oil spill from a vessel?

    Answer: The owner and operator of the vessel

    Under OPA 90, the owner and operator of a vessel are the 'responsible parties' who bear primary strict liability for oil spills.

  5. What are MARPOL 'Special Areas'?

    Answer: Sea areas requiring stricter discharge controls due to oceanographic and ecological sensitivity

    MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas given enhanced protection because their oceanographic and ecological conditions require stricter mandatory discharge standards than the open ocean.

  6. The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) primarily establishes:

    Answer: The organizational framework for federal response to oil and hazardous substance releases

    The NCP establishes the organizational structure and procedures for coordinating federal, state, and local responses to oil spills and hazardous substance releases in U.S. waters.

  7. Which agency administers the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund established under OPA 90?

    Answer: U.S. Coast Guard's National Pollution Funds Center (NPFC)

    The U.S. Coast Guard's National Pollution Funds Center (NPFC) administers the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, which provides compensation when responsible parties cannot or refuse to pay.