LNAT - Law National Aptitude Legal Reasoning and Logic Flashcards
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In LNAT legal reasoning, 'deductive reasoning' involves:
Answer: Applying a general rule to a specific case to reach a necessary conclusion
Deductive reasoning applies a general principle to a specific situation to derive a logically certain conclusion.
In legal contexts on the LNAT, 'precedent' refers to:
Answer: A prior court decision used as an authority in future similar cases
Precedent is a prior judicial decision that guides or binds courts in deciding similar future cases under the doctrine of stare decisis.
Which logical fallacy involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?
Answer: Ad hominem
Ad hominem attacks discredit the person making the argument rather than addressing the substance of the argument itself.
In LNAT reasoning, a 'valid' argument is one where:
Answer: The conclusion necessarily follows from the premises regardless of their truth
Validity is a structural property—the conclusion follows logically from the premises even if those premises are themselves false.
What distinguishes 'inductive reasoning' from 'deductive reasoning' in LNAT logic questions?
Answer: Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to probable general conclusions
Inductive reasoning builds probable general conclusions from specific observations, while deductive reasoning guarantees certainty given true premises.
In a legal argument, a 'burden of proof' refers to:
Answer: The obligation on a party to prove their assertions to a required standard
The burden of proof is the legal obligation on a party to establish their claims to the applicable standard of evidence.