iTEP Grammar Section Structures Flashcards

Which sentence correctly uses a fronted adverbial for emphasis?

Answer: Under no circumstances should employees share their access credentials.

Fronting a negative adverbial ('under no circumstances') requires subject-auxiliary inversion: 'should employees' not 'employees should'.

Identify the sentence that correctly uses a reduced relative clause.

Answer: The data collected from the experiment supported the hypothesis.

Passive reduced relative clauses drop 'that was/which was' and use just the past participle. 'Collected' replaces 'that was collected'.

Which sentence correctly uses a concessive clause introduced by 'although'?

Answer: Although the project was underfunded, the team delivered exceptional results.

'Although' introduces a concessive subordinate clause that contrasts with the main clause — it should not be paired with 'but' or preceded by a semicolon.

Which sentence uses an absolute phrase correctly?

Answer: All of the above are correct uses of absolute phrases.

All three options (A, B, C) are valid forms of absolute phrases: bare past participle, participial with 'being', and perfect participial with 'having been' are all grammatically acceptable.

Choose the sentence that correctly applies subject-verb agreement with a collective noun.

Answer: The jury has reached a verdict.

In American English, collective nouns (jury, team, committee) take singular verbs when acting as a unified body. 'Has reached' correctly uses singular agreement.

Identify the sentence that correctly uses a negative inversion with 'not until'.

Answer: Not until the results were published did researchers fully understand the implications.

'Not until' at the front of a sentence requires subject-auxiliary inversion in the main clause. 'Did researchers fully understand' is the correctly inverted form.