Grammar and Structure Flashcards
6 cards from real ITEP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Grammar and Structure flashcards as text
Despite the project's complexity, the team managed to complete it ahead of schedule, __________ was a remarkable achievement.
Answer: which
The correct answer is 'which'. In this sentence, 'which' is a relative pronoun that introduces a non-restrictive clause, commenting on the entire main clause ('the team managed to complete it ahead of schedule'). 'That' is typically used for restrictive clauses, 'it' would create a run-on sentence, and 'what' doesn't fit grammatically.
Scenario: Your manager asks you to write an email to a client. Which of the following sentences contains a grammatical error?
Answer: I will be looking forward to hear from you soon.
The phrase 'looking forward to' must be followed by a gerund (-ing form), not an infinitive. Therefore, the correct phrasing is 'looking forward to hearing from you'. The other options are all grammatically correct business phrases.
If the marketing team __________ more about the target audience's preferences, they would have designed a more successful campaign.
Answer: had known
This sentence is a third conditional, which describes a hypothetical situation in the past that did not happen. The structure for the 'if' clause in the third conditional is 'if + past perfect'. The correct past perfect form is 'had known'.
Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?
Answer: The data is clear: the new strategy is working effectively.
'Data' can be treated as a singular noun (a collective unit of information), so 'The data is clear' is acceptable in modern usage. In option A, 'amount' should be 'number' for a countable noun like 'people'. In option B, 'less' should be 'fewer' for the countable noun 'worries'. In option D, 'Each' is singular and requires a singular verb, so it should be 'is responsible'.
The professor insisted that all essays __________ submitted through the online portal by midnight.
Answer: be
This sentence uses the subjunctive mood, which is required after verbs of demand or recommendation like 'insist that'. The subjunctive form is the base form of the verb (e.g., 'be', 'submit', 'do') for all subjects.
Never before __________ such a breathtaking display of astronomical phenomena.
Answer: have I seen
When a sentence begins with a negative adverbial expression like 'Never before', it requires subject-verb inversion. The auxiliary verb ('have') must come before the subject ('I'). Therefore, 'have I seen' is the correct inverted structure.