Mixed Deck — All INBDE Topics Flashcards

Protrusive records in complete denture fabrication are used to set the:

Answer: Condylar guidance angle on the articulator

Protrusive records allow the clinician to program the condylar guidance angle (Hanau's formula: H = P/8 + 12) on the semi-adjustable articulator.

Which type of dentin is formed in response to irritation or injury?

Answer: Tertiary (reparative) dentin

Tertiary (reparative) dentin is produced by newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells as a protective response to local stimuli such as caries or trauma.

Which cells are primarily responsible for producing dentin?

Answer: Odontoblasts

Odontoblasts are the cells that synthesize and secrete the organic matrix of dentin throughout life.

Obturation of a root canal is considered acceptable when:

Answer: Fill material ends 0–2 mm short of the radiographic apex with no voids

Ideal obturation terminates 0–2 mm short of the radiographic apex (at the apical constriction) with well-adapted gutta-percha and minimal sealer without voids.

Residual ridge resorption after tooth extraction follows a pattern that is:

Answer: Greater in the mandible in all dimensions

The mandibular ridge typically resorbs 4 times faster than the maxilla overall, and resorption is greater in all dimensions in the mandible, making mandibular dentures more challenging.

Which benzodiazepine is most commonly used for IV conscious sedation in dentistry?

Answer: Midazolam

Midazolam is preferred for IV conscious sedation in dentistry due to its rapid onset, short duration, water solubility, and superior amnestic properties.

Cementum differs from bone primarily because cementum:

Answer: Is avascular

Cementum is avascular and receives its nutrition from the periodontal ligament, unlike bone which has its own blood supply via Haversian canals.

A patient on bisphosphonate therapy presents for a dental extraction. The primary concern is:

Answer: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)

Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast activity, impairing bone remodeling and healing, which can lead to MRONJ following invasive dental procedures.

Which condition is characterized by intense burning of the oral mucosa with no identifiable clinical or laboratory abnormality and predominantly affects postmenopausal women?

Answer: Burning mouth syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic orofacial pain disorder with burning sensations but no identifiable mucosal lesions; it predominantly affects postmenopausal women and has multifactorial etiology.

Nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation is contraindicated in which patient?

Answer: A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Patients with COPD rely on hypoxic drive; supplemental oxygen via nitrous oxide sedation can suppress their respiratory drive and cause respiratory depression.

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) works by:

Answer: Excluding epithelium and allowing periodontal ligament cells to repopulate the root surface

GTR uses barrier membranes to prevent fast-growing epithelial and gingival connective tissue cells from occupying the defect space, allowing slower PDL and bone cells to regenerate.

Deflective occlusal contacts (prematurities) in centric relation that shift the mandible to maximum intercuspation are called:

Answer: Centric relation-centric occlusion (CR-CO) discrepancies

CR-CO discrepancy occurs when premature contacts in centric relation force the mandible to shift anteriorly and laterally to reach maximum intercuspation (centric occlusion).

Post-exposure blood testing routinely tests for

Answer: hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus.

Post-exposure blood testing routinely tests

In which of the following transport processes do solid materials enter the cell in membrane-bound vesicles?

Answer: Phagocytosis

In active transport, materials enter the cell in membrane-bound vesicles that are formed by the membrane. This process is generally known as endocytosis and is of two types. Endocytosis of solid material and liquid materials is called phagocytosis and pinocytosis respectively.

Gutta-percha is primarily composed of which material?

Answer: Trans-polyisoprene (rubber), zinc oxide, and barium sulfate

Gutta-percha points consist primarily of trans-polyisoprene (gutta-percha resin), zinc oxide (filler), barium sulfate (radiopacifier), and waxes/resins.

Which sign is pathognomonic for a draining sinus tract of endodontic origin?

Answer: Parulis (stoma) with tracking to the apex of a non-vital tooth

A parulis (sinus tract opening/stoma) that tracks with a gutta-percha cone to the apex of a non-vital tooth on radiograph confirms endodontic origin.

A newly hired dental assistant notices that several of the staff are not following proper infection control protocols. Where should this observation be reported?

Answer: OSHA

OSHA is responsible for ensuring safe and healthy working conditions, which includes enforcing proper infection control protocols in dental offices to protect staff and patients.

The disorder referred to as macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?

Answer: folate

Macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency in folate (folic acid), which is the vitamin component of tetrahydrofolate, THF.

What is the primary inorganic component of enamel?

Answer: Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite crystals [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] make up approximately 96% of the inorganic content of mature enamel.

Which zone of the dental pulp contains the highest concentration of collagen fibers?

Answer: Pulp core

The pulp core (central zone) contains the largest blood vessels and nerves and has the highest density of collagen fibers.