Online Sample Test Flashcards

Complete the summary using the list of words. The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of illiterate _______to read and write.

Answer: men and women

The summary describes a national literacy crusade, which typically targets the adult population, encompassing both genders, to improve literacy rates. 'Men and women' is the most appropriate and comprehensive term to describe the broad target group for such a large-scale national program.

Complete the summary using the list of words. Public health experts have known for many years that there is a connection between child health and _________________.

Answer: maternal literacy

The passage likely discusses the well-established link between a mother's education level (maternal literacy) and the health outcomes of her children. This connection is a common and significant topic in public health research, making 'maternal literacy' the most fitting option to complete the sentence.

Complete the summary using the list of words. However, it has not previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not. This question has been investigated by ___________ in Nicaragua.

Answer: an international research team

The summary mentions an investigation into a complex public health question, which is typically undertaken by a specialized group. 'An international research team' is the most logical entity to conduct such a study, especially given the context of a national crusade in Nicaragua, implying collaborative expertise.

Complete the summary using the list of words. As a result, factors such as _____ and attitudes to children have been eliminated,

Answer: family wealth

When studying the direct link between maternal literacy and child health, researchers often control for confounding variables like socioeconomic status. 'Family wealth' is a key factor that needs to be accounted for to isolate the specific impact of literacy, ensuring the observed effects are truly due to literacy itself.

Complete the summary using the list of words. it has been shown that ____________ can in itself improve infant health and survival.

Answer: maternal literacy

This sentence concludes the summary by stating the main finding of the research: that a mother's ability to read and write directly contributes to better infant health. This reinforces the central theme of the passage regarding the independent positive impact of 'maternal literacy' on child survival.

About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read when they were children.

Answer: NOT GIVEN

The passage likely discusses women who learned to read through the crusade and perhaps those who were already literate. However, it does not provide specific numerical data about how many women learned to read *as children* among those interviewed, making this information not explicitly stated or inferable.

Before the National Literacy Crusade, illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school.

Answer: NO

It is highly probable that the passage would indicate a *difference* in infant mortality rates between illiterate women and those educated in primary school, even before the crusade. The research aims to show the *impact* of literacy, implying that illiteracy was associated with higher mortality, thus contradicting the statement that rates were approximately the same.

Before and after the National Literacy Crusade, the child mortality rate for the illiterate women stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.

Answer: YES

This statement suggests that the crusade specifically targeted and impacted those who *gained* literacy, while the mortality rate for those who *remained illiterate* did not change significantly. The passage likely provides this specific statistic to highlight the effect of literacy intervention by showing the baseline for the unchanged group.

The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels.

Answer: YES

This statement aligns with the purpose of the research, which is to demonstrate the positive impact of the literacy crusade. It's logical that the group directly benefiting from the intervention (learning to read through the crusade) would exhibit the most significant improvement in child mortality rates, confirming the crusade's effectiveness.

The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had the lowest rates of child mortality.

Answer: NO

The correct answer is NO because the statement uses the superlative 'lowest rates,' which is a very strong claim. While the passage might indicate that women who learned to read had *lower* child mortality rates, it likely does not provide evidence to confirm they had the *absolute lowest* rates compared to all other groups or possibilities. Without explicit textual support for 'lowest,' the statement is false.

After the National Literacy Crusade, the children of the women who remained illiterate were found to be severely malnourished.

Answer: NOT GIVEN

The correct answer is NOT GIVEN because the passage does not provide specific information about the nutritional status of children whose mothers *remained illiterate* after the National Literacy Crusade. While the study might discuss the positive impacts of literacy, it doesn't necessarily detail the severe malnourishment of children in the specific group of mothers who did not become literate. This particular detail is absent from the text.

Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by the writer of the passage?

Answer: The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.

The correct answer is C) The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly. This implication is typically highlighted in studies like the Nicaraguan one to emphasize the immediate and tangible benefits of investing in female education. The passage would explicitly state that positive outcomes, such as improved child health, were observed in a relatively short timeframe after the literacy intervention.

Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by the writer of the passage?\t

Answer: The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.

The correct answer is C) The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly. This implication is crucial as it demonstrates the rapid impact of educational initiatives on public health, particularly child mortality. The passage would likely mention that the study revealed significant improvements in child health indicators shortly after mothers gained literacy skills, underscoring the efficiency of such programs.

Which of the following words is its antonym? \r\nacquired, educated, and external

Answer: inborn\t

The correct answer is A) inborn. The words 'acquired' (learned or developed), 'educated' (taught), and 'external' (from outside) all describe something gained or coming from an outside source. 'Inborn' means existing from birth or inherent, which is the direct opposite of something acquired or external. Therefore, 'inborn' is the antonym.

Which word has the following antonyms? \r\ndeep, significant, exact

Answer: superficial\t

The correct answer is D) superficial. The given antonyms 'deep,' 'significant,' and 'exact' all describe something thorough, important, or precise. 'Superficial' means existing or occurring on the surface, lacking depth, thoroughness, or importance. It is the direct opposite of being deep, significant, or exact.

The ability of metals to carry electrical energy is known as their ____ property.\t

Answer: intrinsic\t

The correct answer is C) intrinsic. 'Intrinsic' means belonging naturally or essentially to something; inherent. The ability of metals to carry electrical energy is a fundamental and inherent characteristic of their nature, not something acquired or external. Therefore, 'intrinsic' accurately describes this essential property.