Software Development Concepts Flashcards

What does 'Big O notation' measure in algorithm analysis?

Answer: The upper bound of an algorithm's time or space complexity relative to input size

Big O notation describes the worst-case upper bound of an algorithm's complexity (time or space) as the input size grows.

In software testing, what is a 'mock object'?

Answer: A simulated object that mimics the behavior of real dependencies for testing purposes

A mock object imitates the behavior of real dependencies, allowing tests to verify interactions without relying on actual implementations.

Which software development methodology emphasizes delivering working software in short iterations called sprints?

Answer: Scrum

Scrum is an agile framework that organizes work into time-boxed iterations called sprints, typically lasting 1–4 weeks.

What is the role of a 'build tool' like Maven or Gradle in software development?

Answer: To automate compiling source code, managing dependencies, and packaging applications

Build tools like Maven and Gradle automate the process of compiling code, resolving dependencies, running tests, and packaging deployable artifacts.

What is 'polymorphism' in object-oriented programming?

Answer: The ability of different objects to respond to the same interface or method call in their own way

Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated through a common interface, with each class providing its own implementation.

In the context of databases, what does ACID stand for?

Answer: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) are the four key properties that guarantee reliable database transactions.

Which concept describes software components that are easy to test because they have no hidden dependencies?

Answer: Dependency injection

Dependency injection is a technique where dependencies are provided externally rather than created inside the component, making units easy to test in isolation.