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Occupational Health and Hygiene Flashcards

7 cards from real HSE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Occupational Health and Hygiene flashcards as text

  1. What is the primary purpose of Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) established by ACGIH?

    Answer: To define airborne concentrations of substances to which workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse health effects

    TLVs represent airborne concentrations of chemical substances below which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse health effects.

  2. Biological monitoring differs from air monitoring in occupational hygiene because it:

    Answer: Assesses the actual absorbed dose in the worker's body

    Biological monitoring measures the worker's internal exposure by analyzing blood, urine, or exhaled air, reflecting actual absorbed dose from all routes including skin and ingestion.

  3. Which type of ventilation is most appropriate for controlling a highly toxic chemical released at a localized point source?

    Answer: Local exhaust ventilation (LEV)

    Local exhaust ventilation captures contaminants at the source before they disperse into the workroom air, making it most effective for highly toxic point-source releases.

  4. A worker is exposed to two chemical solvents simultaneously. Solvent A is at 60% of its TLV and Solvent B is at 50% of its TLV. What is the combined exposure index, and is it acceptable?

    Answer: 1.10 — not acceptable

    For chemicals with similar effects, the mixture formula sums the fractions (0.60 + 0.50 = 1.10), which exceeds 1.0 and is therefore not acceptable.

  5. What does the term 'permissible exposure limit' (PEL) refer to in the context of OSHA regulations?

    Answer: A legally enforceable maximum airborne concentration of a substance

    OSHA PELs are legally enforceable maximum concentrations of hazardous substances in workplace air, codified in 29 CFR 1910.1000.

  6. In the hierarchy of controls for occupational health hazards, which control is considered most effective?

    Answer: Elimination of the hazard at the source

    Elimination removes the hazard entirely and is the most effective control, sitting at the top of NIOSH's hierarchy of controls.

  7. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are primarily caused by which combination of ergonomic risk factors?

    Answer: Force, repetition, awkward postures, contact stress, and vibration

    WMSDs are driven by ergonomic risk factors including forceful exertions, repetitive motions, awkward postures, contact stress, and hand-arm or whole-body vibration.