Science: Life Science Practice Test Flashcards

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Answer: Mitochondrion

Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, converting glucose and oxygen into usable energy.

A plant placed in a dark room for several days turns yellow and stops growing. Which process has been disrupted?

Answer: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis requires light to produce glucose; without light, chlorophyll breaks down, causing yellowing and halting growth.

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Answer: They break down dead organic matter and return nutrients to the soil

Decomposers such as fungi and bacteria break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients back into the environment.

In humans, which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Answer: Arteries

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to body tissues, except the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

What is the primary function of the large intestine in the human digestive system?

Answer: Absorption of water and formation of solid waste

The large intestine absorbs water from indigestible food matter and compacts waste into feces for elimination.

A population of rabbits is introduced to an island with abundant food and no predators. Which population growth pattern would most likely occur initially?

Answer: Exponential (J-curve) growth

With unlimited resources and no predators, populations grow exponentially, following a J-shaped curve.

Which molecule serves as the primary carrier of genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Answer: mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes where proteins are synthesized.