Logical Reasoning Flashcards

Identify the assumption: 'We should increase funding for public libraries because reading improves literacy.'

Answer: Public libraries promote reading

The argument assumes that public libraries promote reading, connecting the funding to the literacy benefit.

Three friends—Ava, Ben, and Cara—each prefer a different sport: soccer, tennis, or swimming. Ava does not swim. Ben does not play soccer. Cara plays tennis. What sport does Ava prefer?

Answer: Soccer

Cara takes tennis, Ava cannot swim, so Ava must play soccer; this leaves swimming for Ben.

All squares are rectangles. Some rectangles are not squares. Which statement is logically consistent?

Answer: There exist rectangles that are not squares

The premise directly states that some rectangles are not squares, making this statement consistent.

A train leaves Station A every 15 minutes. Another leaves Station B every 20 minutes. If both leave at 8:00 AM, when do they next leave at the same time?

Answer: 9:00 AM

The LCM of 15 and 20 is 60 minutes, so both trains next coincide at 9:00 AM.

Which argument contains a logical flaw? A) All birds have wings; penguins are birds; so penguins have wings. B) Some fish swim; sharks are fish; so sharks swim. C) No plants think; roses are plants; so roses think. D) All metals conduct electricity; copper is a metal; so copper conducts electricity.

Answer: Argument C

Argument C concludes 'roses think' from 'no plants think,' which is the opposite of what the premise supports — a clear logical flaw.

In a code, CAT = 3-1-20 and DOG = 4-15-7. What does the number sequence 2-9-18-4 represent?

Answer: BIRD

Each number corresponds to the letter's position in the alphabet: B=2, I=9, R=18, D=4 → BIRD.

If A > B and B > C, which relationship must be true?

Answer: A > C

By the transitive property of inequalities, if A > B and B > C, then A > C.