Fundamental Scientific Principles Flashcards
7 cards from real General practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Fundamental Scientific Principles flashcards as text
Which law states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant?
Answer: Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Momentum states that in the absence of external forces, total momentum of a system stays constant.
What does the pH scale measure?
Answer: Acidity or alkalinity of a solution
The pH scale measures the hydrogen ion concentration, indicating how acidic (below 7) or alkaline (above 7) a solution is.
In which process do plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose?
Answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen in plant cells.
What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Answer: Covalent bond
Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, as in water (H₂O).
Which principle states that two objects cannot occupy the same quantum state simultaneously?
Answer: Pauli Exclusion Principle
The Pauli Exclusion Principle states no two fermions (like electrons) can have identical quantum numbers in the same atom.
What is the SI unit of electric charge?
Answer: Coulomb
The coulomb (C) is the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transported by a current of one ampere in one second.
Which type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?
Answer: Gamma rays
Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves that can penetrate most materials and require dense shielding like lead.