Mixed Deck — All GAOKAO Topics Flashcards

What is the structural difference between 1-butene and 2-butene?

Answer: The position of the double bond in the carbon chain

Both are C₄H₈ isomers with one double bond; they differ only in the position of the C=C double bond (between C1-C2 vs C2-C3).

In a Gaokao cloze passage, the blank reads: 'She had always been _____ of her younger brother, often helping him with his homework.' Which word best fits the blank?

Answer: protective

'Protective' fits the context: she helped her younger brother with homework, indicating a caring, protective attitude. The other options contradict the helping behavior described.

The relationship ΔG = ΔH − TΔS determines reaction spontaneity. A reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures when:

Answer: ΔH 0

When ΔH 0, ΔG = ΔH − TΔS is always negative (for T > 0 K), so the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.

Evaluate ∫₁^e (1/x + x) dx.

Answer: 1 + (e²-1)/2

∫(1/x + x)dx = ln|x| + x²/2; evaluated from 1 to e: (ln e + e²/2) - (ln 1 + 1/2) = 1 + e²/2 - 1/2 = 1 + (e²-1)/2.

The curve y = x³ - x has horizontal tangent lines at which x-values?

Answer: x = ±1/√3

y' = 3x² - 1 = 0 → x² = 1/3 → x = ±1/√3.

The G20 (Group of Twenty) is best described as:

Answer: A forum of 20 nations representing the world's major economies, accounting for roughly 85% of global GDP

The G20 is an international forum for governments and central bank governors from 19 countries plus the European Union. Together they represent about 85% of global GDP and two-thirds of the world's population. It addresses major issues related to the global economy, financial markets, and sustainable development.

I used to be a person who was afraid of public speaking. The mere thought of standing before an audience would make my palms sweat and my heart __1__. This fear held me back in many ways, both in school and in my personal life. I knew I had to __2__ it. My opportunity came when our English teacher announced a speech contest. __3__ everyone else was excited, I was terrified. However, a friend encouraged me, saying, 'The only way to get over a fear is to face it.' His words __4__ with me. I decided to participate. I spent weeks preparing, practicing in front of a mirror, and then in front of my family. On the day of the contest, I was still nervous, but as I walked onto the stage, I took a deep breath and remembered my friend's advice. I started speaking, and to my __5__, the words flowed smoothly. When I finished, the audience applauded. That moment was a turning point. I didn't win the contest, but I won something more __6__: confidence.

Answer: 4. stuck

The idiom 'stuck with me' means that the narrator remembered the words and they had a lasting effect. The friend's advice was memorable and influential.

A sphere of radius R is circumscribed about a cube (the cube is inscribed in the sphere). What is the edge length of the cube in terms of R?

Answer: 2R/√3 = 2R√3/3

Space diagonal of cube = 4R (diameter)? No — diagonal = 2R (diameter). Space diagonal of cube with edge a is a√3. So a√3 = 2R → a = 2R/√3 = 2R√3/3.

According to Lenz's law, when a bar magnet's north pole approaches a horizontal conducting loop from above, the induced current in the loop, viewed from above, flows:

Answer: Counterclockwise to oppose the increasing flux

The induced current creates a magnetic field opposing the increasing upward flux, which by the right-hand rule requires counterclockwise current viewed from above.

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (七七事变) of July 7, 1937 is historically significant because it:

Answer: Marked the beginning of Japan's full-scale invasion of China and the Second Sino-Japanese War

The clash between Japanese and Chinese troops near Beijing on July 7, 1937 escalated into Japan's full-scale invasion, launching the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), also called the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (抗日战争).

The 'Pacific Ring of Fire' is associated with which type of tectonic activity?

Answer: A combination of subduction zones and transform faults around the Pacific Ocean basin

The Ring of Fire encircles the Pacific and consists primarily of subduction zones (producing deep earthquakes, trenches, and volcanoes) and some transform faults (like the San Andreas), accounting for 90% of global earthquakes.

In redox reactions, the species that undergoes an increase in oxidation number has been:

Answer: Oxidised

Oxidation is defined as an increase in oxidation number (loss of electrons); reduction is a decrease in oxidation number.

China's 'South-to-North Water Diversion Project' primarily addresses which geographic problem?

Answer: Severe water deficit in the north due to uneven spatial distribution of water resources

Northern China has 65% of the cultivated land but only 20% of water resources; the diversion project transfers water from the water-rich Yangtze basin to the arid north via three canal routes.

Lysosomes are formed by budding from which organelle?

Answer: Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes are formed when vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes bud from the trans face of the Golgi apparatus.

The '综合素质评价' (comprehensive quality assessment) in the New Gaokao reform is intended to:

Answer: Provide universities with holistic records of students' extracurricular activities, character, and capabilities beyond test scores

'综合素质评价' documents students' activities, community service, physical fitness, art appreciation, and character development throughout high school — intended to give universities a fuller picture beyond exam scores.

When the distance between two parallel plates of a capacitor (connected to a battery) is doubled, the capacitance:

Answer: Halves

C = ε₀A/d; doubling d halves C.

The Chinese Civil War (国共内战) ended in 1949 with:

Answer: The CPC's proclamation of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, and the KMT's retreat to Taiwan

After the CPC's decisive military victories in 1948-49 (Huaihai, Liaoshen, Pingjin campaigns), Mao Zedong proclaimed the PRC on October 1, 1949, while the KMT government retreated to Taiwan.

Read the passage and answer the question. Passage: Mangrove forests grow along tropical coastlines and provide a range of ecosystem services. Their tangled root systems trap sediment and reduce coastal erosion. They serve as nurseries for fish and other marine species. During storms, mangroves absorb wave energy, protecting inland communities. Despite their value, large areas of mangrove forest have been cleared for shrimp farming and coastal development. Which word best replaces 'nurseries' in context?

Answer: shelters and breeding grounds

In ecological context, 'nurseries' refers to areas where young fish grow up, i.e., shelters and breeding grounds.

'保送生' (bǎosòng shēng, recommended/nominated students) in China's university admissions context are best described as:

Answer: Students admitted directly to universities without sitting the Gaokao, typically due to top performance in national-level subject Olympiads or designation from specific elite high schools

保送生 (literally 'guaranteed-delivery students') bypass the Gaokao entirely and receive direct admission offers. The main qualifying routes include winning gold/silver medals at national-level subject Olympiads (全国中学生奥林匹克竞赛) at the required threshold, or graduating from a small number of specially designated high schools. Quota and eligibility are tightly controlled by the Ministry of Education and has been reduced significantly since 2014.

During interphase, DNA replication occurs in which sub-phase?

Answer: S phase

DNA replication occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, doubling the cell's genetic material in preparation for cell division.