CSR Renal Physiology & Pathophysiology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Filters blood to form primary urine

Answer

Reabsorbs electrolytes.

Answer

Concentrates urine.

Answer

Secretes erythropoietin.

Question 2

Which hormone is most directly involved in sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

ADH

Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Renin

Question 3

What is the role of the loop of Henle in urine concentration?

Accepted Answer

Generates a medullary concentration gradient

Answer

Eliminates toxins.

Answer

Maintains blood pressure.

Answer

Regulates blood glucose levels.

Question 4

Which of the following is a common early symptom of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Excessive energy.

Answer

Sudden weight gain.

Answer

Increased urine output only at night.

Question 5

How does metabolic acidosis commonly develop in CKD patients?

Accepted Answer

From reduced acid excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption

Answer

Due to increased bicarbonate production.

Answer

Because of excessive vomiting.

Answer

From hyperventilation.

Question 6

What is the significance of a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

It signifies declining kidney function

Answer

It indicates improved kidney clearance.

Answer

It reflects normal aging.

Answer

It suggests increased erythropoietin production.

Question 7

Which lab value is most useful in assessing renal function?

Accepted Answer

Serum creatinine

Answer

Serum potassium.

Answer

Serum calcium.

Answer

Hemoglobin level.

Question 8

Why is anemia common in CKD?

Accepted Answer

From decreased erythropoietin production

Answer

Due to iron overload.

Answer

Because of excessive RBC destruction.

Answer

Owing to increased dietary iron intake.

Question 9

How does hyperkalemia occur in CKD patients?

Accepted Answer

From reduced potassium excretion by kidneys

Answer

Due to excessive potassium in the diet alone.

Answer

Because of dehydration.

Answer

Due to high sodium excretion.