FREE ACT Reading Question and Answers

Question 1

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Eyes closed, focus intently on the scene in front of you. When asked about this, a lot of people would respond that they don't see anything happening. This is not surprising because it takes some experience to be able to see oneself satisfactorily. But if you pay the necessary attention, you will gradually be able to differentiate numerous things. first, a background that is often black. On this dark background, there are sporadic dazzling points that rise and fall gently and subtly. More frequently, dots of various colors, sometimes quite dull, and occasionally, with particular persons, so vivid that reality cannot compare with it. These patches constantly displace one another as they grow and contract, change shape, and color. The change can occur suddenly or slowly over time. Where did all of this originate from? The phenomena is known as "ocular spectra," "colored spots," and "phosphenes" by physiologists and psychologists who have examined this color play. They explain it either by the minute adjustments that the retinal circulation undergoes on a constant basis or by the pressure that the closed lid places on the eyeball, mechanically stimulating the optic nerve. But what matters in this case is not how the phenomenon is explained or given a name. It happens everywhere and, in my opinion, is the primary element from which we fashion our aspirations.

The American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd has devised a rigorous method of testing this hypothesis. It consists in acquiring the habit on awakening in the morning of keeping the eyes closed and retaining for some minutes the dream that is fading from the field of vision and soon would doubtless have faded from that of memory. Then one sees the figures and objects of the dream melt away little by little into phosphenes, identifying themselves with the colored spots that the eye really perceives when the lids are closed. One reads, for example, a newspaper; that is the dream. One awakens and there remains of the newspaper, whose definite outlines are erased, only a white spot with black marks here and there; that is the reality. Or our dream takes us upon the open sea—round about us the ocean spreads its waves of yellowish gray with here and there a crown of white foam. On awakening, it is all lost in a great spot, half yellow and half gray, sown with brilliant points. The spot was there, the brilliant points were there. There was really presented to our perceptions, in sleep, a visual dust, and it was this dust which served for the fabrication of our dreams.

Will this alone suffice? Still considering the sensation of sight, we ought to add to these visual sensations which we may call internal all those which continue to come to us from an external source. The eyes, when closed, still distinguish light from shade, and even, to a certain extent, different lights from one another. These sensations of light, emanating from without, are at the bottom of many of our dreams. A candle abruptly lighted in the room will, for example, suggest to the sleeper, if his slumber is not too deep, a dream dominated by the image of fire, the idea of a burning building. Such are often the dreams provoked by a bright and sudden light.

I have spoken of visual sensations. They are the principal ones. But the auditory sensations nevertheless play a role. First, the ear has also its internal sensations, sensations of buzzing, of tinkling, of whistling, difficult to isolate and to perceive while awake, but which are clearly distinguished in sleep. Besides that we continue, when once asleep, to hear external sounds that the dream converts, according to circumstances, into conversation, singing, cries, music, etc. But let us hasten to say that sounds do not play in our dreams so important a role as colors. Our dreams are, above all, visual.

According to the passage, the following things can result in a dream about fire:

Accepted Answer

a light source turned on in front of the sleeper.

Answer

an underlying fear of burning.

Answer

an unsteady light source.

Answer

a rustling sound similar to fire.

Question 2

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Close the eyes and look attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision. Many people questioned on this point would say that nothing goes on, that they see nothing. This is not surprising, for a certain amount of practice is necessary to be able to observe oneself satisfactorily. But just give the requisite amount of attention, and you will distinguish, little by little, many things. First, in general, a black background. Upon this black background occasionally brilliant points which come and go, rising and descending, slowly and sedately. More often, spots of many colors, sometimes very dull, sometimes, with certain people, so brilliant that reality cannot compare with it. These spots spread and shrink, changing form and color, constantly displacing one another. Sometimes the change is slow and gradual; sometimes again it is a whirlwind of vertiginous rapidity. Where does all this come from? The physiologists and the psychologists have studied this play of colors and have given the names “ocular spectra,” “colored spots,” and “phosphenes” to the phenomenon. They explain it either by the slight modifications which occur ceaselessly in the retinal circulation, or by the pressure that the closed lid exerts upon the eyeball, causing a mechanical excitation of the optic nerve. But the explanation of the phenomenon and the name that is given to it is not what is important here. It occurs universally and it constitutes, I believe, the principal material of which we shape our dreams.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I mentioned seeing things. They are the main ones. But the auditory impressions still matter. First, the ear also experiences internal sensations such as buzzing, tinkling, and whistling that are difficult to differentiate and isolate while awake but are audibly distinct while sleeping. Additionally, after falling asleep, we keep hearing outside noises that the dream interprets as dialogue, singing, tears, music, etc. depending on the situation. But let's be quick to point out that sounds do not have the same significance in our dreams as colors. Our dreams are primarily visual.

According to the passage, the majority of people mistakenly think that we may see when we close our eyes on:

Accepted Answer

a nothingness that occurs because all light source is blocked by our eyelids.

Answer

reflections of activity that is occurring in the retina.

Answer

colored points and spots that continuously move and change.

Answer

a black background that reflects light sources outside the eyes.

Question 3

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But, first, is it true that there is nothing there? I mean, is there any sense material presented to our eyes, to our ears, to our touch, etc., during sleep as well as during waking?

Close the eyes and look attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision. Many people questioned on this point would say that nothing goes on, that they see nothing. This is not surprising, for a certain amount of practice is necessary to be able to observe oneself satisfactorily. But just give the requisite amount of attention, and you will distinguish, little by little, many things. First, in general, a black background. Upon this black background occasionally brilliant points which come and go, rising and descending, slowly and sedately. More often, spots of many colors, sometimes very dull, sometimes, with certain people, so brilliant that reality cannot compare with it. These spots spread and shrink, changing form and color, constantly displacing one another. Sometimes the change is slow and gradual; sometimes again it is a whirlwind of vertiginous rapidity. Where does all this come from? The physiologists and the psychologists have studied this play of colors and have given the names “ocular spectra,” “colored spots,” and “phosphenes” to the phenomenon. They explain it either by the slight modifications which occur ceaselessly in the retinal circulation, or by the pressure that the closed lid exerts upon the eyeball, causing a mechanical excitation of the optic nerve. But the explanation of the phenomenon and the name that is given to it is not what is important here. It occurs universally and it constitutes, I believe, the principal material of which we shape our dreams.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I mentioned seeing things. They are the main ones. But the auditory impressions still matter. First, the ear also experiences internal sensations such as buzzing, tinkling, and whistling that are difficult to differentiate and isolate while awake but are audibly distinct while sleeping. Additionally, after falling asleep, we keep hearing outside noises that the dream interprets as dialogue, singing, tears, music, etc. depending on the situation. But let's be quick to point out that sounds do not have the same significance in our dreams as colors. Our dreams are primarily visual.

The real-life sources of the sensations in our dreams are described by the author as:

Accepted Answer

sense material.

Answer

visual sensations.

Answer

phenomenon.

Answer

vertiginous rapidity.

Question 4

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Eyes closed, focus intently on the scene in front of you. When asked about this, a lot of people would respond that they don't see anything happening. This is not surprising because it takes some experience to be able to see oneself satisfactorily. But if you pay the necessary attention, you will gradually be able to differentiate numerous things. first, a background that is often black. On this dark background, there are sporadic dazzling points that rise and fall gently and subtly. More frequently, dots of various colors, sometimes quite dull, and occasionally, with particular persons, so vivid that reality cannot compare with it. These patches constantly displace one another as they grow and contract, change shape, and color. The change can occur suddenly or slowly over time. Where did all of this originate from? The phenomena is known as ""ocular spectra,"" ""colored spots,"" and ""phosphenes"" by physiologists and psychologists who have examined this color play. They explain it either by the slight modifications which occur ceaselessly in the retinal circulation, or by the pressure that the closed lid exerts upon the eyeball, causing a mechanical excitation of the optic nerve. But what matters in this case is not how the phenomenon is explained or given a name. It happens everywhere and, in my opinion, is the primary element from which we fashion our aspirations.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I mentioned seeing things. They are the main ones. But the auditory impressions still matter. First, the ear also experiences internal sensations such as buzzing, tinkling, and whistling that are difficult to differentiate and isolate while awake but are audibly distinct while sleeping. Additionally, after falling asleep, we keep hearing outside noises that the dream interprets as dialogue, singing, tears, music, etc. depending on the situation. But let's be quick to point out that sounds do not have the same significance in our dreams as colors. Our dreams are primarily visual.

What would be one of the potential causes of the colored dots of light observed while the eyes are closed, as described in paragraph three?

Accepted Answer

Increased activity in the optic nerve.

Answer

Closing and opening the eyelid.

Answer

A sudden drop in retinal circulation.

Answer

A change in the amount of light perceived by the eye.

Question 5

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Eyes closed, focus intently on the scene in front of you. When asked about this, a lot of people would respond that they don't see anything happening. This is not surprising because it takes some experience to be able to see oneself satisfactorily. But if you pay the necessary attention, you will gradually be able to differentiate numerous things. first, a background that is often black. On this dark background, there are sporadic dazzling points that rise and fall gently and subtly. More frequently, dots of various colors, sometimes quite dull, and occasionally, with particular persons, so vivid that reality cannot compare with it. These patches constantly displace one another as they grow and contract, change shape, and color. The change can occur suddenly or slowly over time. Where did all of this originate from? The phenomena is known as ""ocular spectra," "colored spots,"" and "phosphenes" by physiologists and psychologists who have examined this color play. They explain it either by the minute adjustments that the retinal circulation undergoes on a constant basis or by the pressure that the closed lid places on the eyeball, mechanically stimulating the optic nerve. But what matters in this case is not how the phenomenon is explained or given a name. It happens everywhere and, in my opinion, is the primary element from which we fashion our aspirations.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I mentioned seeing things. They are the main ones. But the auditory impressions still matter. First, the ear also experiences internal sensations such as buzzing, tinkling, and whistling that are difficult to differentiate and isolate while awake but are audibly distinct while sleeping. Additionally, after falling asleep, we keep hearing outside noises that the dream interprets as dialogue, singing, tears, music, etc. depending on the situation. But let's be quick to point out that sounds do not have the same significance in our dreams as colors. Our dreams are primarily visual.

The phrase "visual dust" is used by the author to describe the following:

Accepted Answer

phosphenes.

Answer

external images blurred by the eyelids.

Answer

material impeding the dreamer’s vision.

Answer

dream images.

Question 6

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Eyes closed, focus intently on the scene in front of you. When asked about this, a lot of people would respond that they don't see anything happening. This is not surprising because it takes some experience to be able to see oneself satisfactorily. But if you pay the necessary attention, you will gradually be able to differentiate numerous things. first, a background that is often black. On this dark background, there are sporadic dazzling points that rise and fall gently and subtly. More frequently, dots of various colors, sometimes quite dull, and occasionally, with particular persons, so vivid that reality cannot compare with it. These patches constantly displace one another as they grow and contract, change shape, and color. The change can occur suddenly or slowly over time. Where did all of this originate from? The phenomena is known as ""ocular spectra," "colored spots," and "phosphenes" by physiologists and psychologists who have examined this color play. They explain it either by the minute adjustments that the retinal circulation undergoes on a constant basis or by the pressure that the closed lid places on the eyeball, mechanically stimulating the optic nerve. But what matters in this case is not how the phenomenon is explained or given a name. It happens everywhere and, in my opinion, is the primary element from which we fashion our aspirations.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The spot was there, the brilliant points were there. There was really presented to our perceptions, in sleep, a visual dust, and it was this dust which served for the fabrication of our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I mentioned seeing things. They are the main ones. But the auditory impressions still matter. First, the ear also experiences internal sensations such as buzzing, tinkling, and whistling that are difficult to differentiate and isolate while awake but are audibly distinct while sleeping. Additionally, after falling asleep, we keep hearing outside noises that the dream interprets as dialogue, singing, tears, music, etc. depending on the situation. But let's be quick to point out that sounds do not have the same significance in our dreams as colors. Our dreams are primarily visual.

In the final sentence of paragraph 4, the author refers to:

Accepted Answer

The degree of correspondence between dream images and the phosphenes that are seen upon waking.

Answer

The different sources of black and white and colored phosphenes.

Answer

The varying intensity of the different colors seen in dreams.

Answer

How long a dreamer can remember the visual images of his dream upon waking up.

Question 7

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Close the eyes and look attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision. Many people questioned on this point would say that nothing goes on, that they see nothing. This is not surprising, for a certain amount of practice is necessary to be able to observe oneself satisfactorily. But just give the requisite amount of attention, and you will distinguish, little by little, many things. First, in general, a black background. Upon this black background occasionally brilliant points which come and go, rising and descending, slowly and sedately. More often, spots of many colors, sometimes very dull, sometimes, with certain people, so brilliant that reality cannot compare with it. These spots spread and shrink, changing form and color, constantly displacing one another. Sometimes the change is slow and gradual; sometimes again it is a whirlwind of vertiginous rapidity. Where does all this come from? The physiologists and the psychologists have studied this play of colors and have given the names “ocular spectra,” “colored spots,” and “phosphenes” to the phenomenon. They explain it either by the slight modifications which occur ceaselessly in the retinal circulation, or by the pressure that the closed lid exerts upon the eyeball, causing a mechanical excitation of the optic nerve. But the explanation of the phenomenon and the name that is given to it is not what is important here. It occurs universally and it constitutes, I believe, the principal material of which we shape our dreams.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I mentioned seeing things. They are the main ones. But the auditory impressions still matter. First, the ear also experiences internal sensations such as buzzing, tinkling, and whistling that are difficult to differentiate and isolate while awake but are audibly distinct while sleeping. Additionally, after falling asleep, we keep hearing outside noises that the dream interprets as dialogue, singing, tears, music, etc. depending on the situation. But let's be quick to point out that sounds do not have the same significance in our dreams as colors. Our dreams are primarily visual.

The passage implies that: "The link between phosphenes and dreams is that:"

Accepted Answer

phosphenes provide the basic forms that the brain transforms into dream images.

Answer

dream images are created from an internal source while phosphenes are created from external sources.

Answer

phosphenes are formed when the brain simplifies the dream images it has created.

Answer

the brain simultaneously creates dream images and phosphenes from the same external sensory information.

Question 8

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Eyes closed, focus intently on the scene in front of you. When asked about this, a lot of people would respond that they don't see anything happening. This is not surprising because it takes some experience to be able to see oneself satisfactorily. But if you pay the necessary attention, you will gradually be able to differentiate numerous things. first, a background that is often black. On this dark background, there are sporadic dazzling points that rise and fall gently and subtly. More frequently, dots of various colors, sometimes quite dull, and occasionally, with particular persons, so vivid that reality cannot compare with it. These patches constantly displace one another as they grow and contract, change shape, and color. The change can occur suddenly or slowly over time. Where did all of this originate from? The phenomena is known as "ocular spectra," "colored spots," and "phosphenes" by physiologists and psychologists who have examined this color play. They explain it either by the minute adjustments that the retinal circulation undergoes on a constant basis or by the pressure that the closed lid places on the eyeball, mechanically stimulating the optic nerve. But what matters in this case is not how the phenomenon is explained or given a name. It happens everywhere and, in my opinion, is the primary element from which we fashion our aspirations.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this alone suffice? Still considering the sensation of sight, we ought to add to these visual sensations which we may call internal all those which continue to come to us from an external source. The eyes, when closed, still distinguish light from shade, and even, to a certain extent, different lights from one another. These sensations of light, emanating from without, are at the bottom of many of our dreams. A candle abruptly lighted in the room will, for example, suggest to the sleeper, if his slumber is not too deep, a dream dominated by the image of fire, the idea of a burning building. Such are often the dreams provoked by a bright and sudden light.

I have spoken of visual sensations. They are the principal ones. But the auditory sensations nevertheless play a role. First, the ear has also its internal sensations, sensations of buzzing, of tinkling, of whistling, difficult to isolate and to perceive while awake, but which are clearly distinguished in sleep. Besides that we continue, when once asleep, to hear external sounds that the dream converts, according to circumstances, into conversation, singing, cries, music, etc. But let us hasten to say that sounds do not play in our dreams so important a role as colors. Our dreams are, above all, visual.

Even if the most of the images we see in dreams come from within, the author claims that:

Accepted Answer

light can also influence what we see in our dreams.

Answer

external sounds play an equally important role in dreaming.

Answer

these dreams are less likely to be remembered.

Answer

external sources also exert a continual influence on our dreams.

Question 9

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject I will be discussing is extremely complicated and presents a wide range of challenging, enigmatic, and philosophical problems, some of which are psychological, others physiological, therefore I will jump right to the crux of the matter. I see objects in a dream, yet there are none. I seem to speak to them and hear their responses when I see people, although nobody is present, and I haven't actually spoken anything. It appears exactly as though there were actual things and genuine people there, yet upon waking, everything has vanished. How does this occur?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Eyes closed, focus intently on the scene in front of you. When asked about this, a lot of people would respond that they don't see anything happening. This is not surprising because it takes some experience to be able to see oneself satisfactorily. But if you pay the necessary attention, you will gradually be able to differentiate numerous things. first, a background that is often black. On this dark background, there are sporadic dazzling points that rise and fall gently and subtly. More frequently, dots of various colors, sometimes quite dull, and occasionally, with particular persons, so vivid that reality cannot compare with it. These patches constantly displace one another as they grow and contract, change shape, and color. The change can occur suddenly or slowly over time. Where did all of this originate from? The phenomena is known as "ocular spectra," "colored spots," and "phosphenes" by physiologists and psychologists who have examined this color play. They explain it either by the minute adjustments that the retinal circulation undergoes on a constant basis or by the pressure that the closed lid places on the eyeball, mechanically stimulating the optic nerve. But what matters in this case is not how the phenomenon is explained or given a name. It happens everywhere and, in my opinion, is the primary element from which we fashion our aspirations.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I have spoken of visual sensations. They are the principal ones. But the auditory sensations nevertheless play a role. First, the ear has also its internal sensations, sensations of buzzing, of tinkling, of whistling, difficult to isolate and to perceive while awake, but which are clearly distinguished in sleep. Besides that we continue, when once asleep, to hear external sounds that the dream converts, according to circumstances, into conversation, singing, cries, music, etc. But let us hasten to say that sounds do not play in our dreams so important a role as colors. Our dreams are, above all, visual.

The sounds that we hear within our dreams are a result of:

Accepted Answer

both internal and external sounds.

Answer

sounds inside our ear canal.

Answer

sounds distinguishable only in sleep.

Answer

sounds inside our ear canal.

Question 10

In the ACT There are various questions that go with the reading text below. Pick the most appropriate response to each question after reading the passage. The passage may be consulted as often as necessary.

VARIOUS NATURAL SCIENCE:

The subject which I have to discuss here is so complex, it raises so many questions of all kinds, difficult, obscure, some psychological, others physiological and metaphysical; in order to be treated in a complete manner it requires such a long development, so I shall go at once to the heart of the question. A dream is this: I perceive objects, but there is nothing there. I see people; I seem to speak to them and I hear what they answer, but there is no one there and I have not really spoken. It is just as if real things and real people were there, but on waking all has disappeared. How does this happen?

But first, is it really true that there is nothing there? I'm asking if we are exposed to any sense information while we are awake and while we sleep.

Eyes closed, focus intently on the scene in front of you. When asked about this, a lot of people would respond that they don't see anything happening. This is not surprising because it takes some experience to be able to see oneself satisfactorily. But if you pay the necessary attention, you will gradually be able to differentiate numerous things. first, a background that is often black. On this dark background, there are sporadic dazzling points that rise and fall gently and subtly. More frequently, dots of various colors, sometimes quite dull, and occasionally, with particular persons, so vivid that reality cannot compare with it. These patches constantly displace one another as they grow and contract, change shape, and color. The change can occur suddenly or slowly over time. Where did all of this originate from? The phenomena is known as "ocular spectra," "colored spots," and "phosphenes" by physiologists and psychologists who have examined this color play. They explain it either by the minute adjustments that the retinal circulation undergoes on a constant basis or by the pressure that the closed lid places on the eyeball, mechanically stimulating the optic nerve. But what matters in this case is not how the phenomenon is explained or given a name. It happens everywhere and, in my opinion, is the primary element from which we fashion our aspirations.

A thorough procedure for verifying this theory has been developed by American psychologist Professor Henry Ladd. It entails developing the practice of keeping your eyes closed when you wake up in the morning in order to retain your dream for a few minutes as it slowly fades from your field of vision and, soon, certainly, from your memory. Then, as the eye is closed, one notices that the dream's characters and objects gradually disappear into colored patches known as phosphenes. The dream involves reading something, like a newspaper. The reality is that when one wakes up, the newspaper has vanished, leaving only a white patch with sporadic black stains. Or perhaps our dream places us in the broad sea, where the water spreads out its waves of greenish gray with the occasional cap of white foam. Upon awakening, everything is lost in a magnificent area that is split evenly between shades of gray and yellow and is covered in sparkling points. The location and the stunning aspects were both present. When we were asleep, a visual dust was actually exposed to our perceptions, and it was this dust that helped to create our dreams.

Will this be enough on its own? As we continue to think about the perception of sight, we should include all of the visual impressions that continue to arrive to us from outside of our bodies in addition to those that we might refer to as internal. When closed, the eyes can still tell one light from another and, to some extent, one shade from another. Many of our dreams are based on these external, light-like feelings. If the sleeper is not too deep into his sleep, a candle that is suddenly lit in the room can imply to him that his dream is dominated by the image of fire and contains the thought of a burning building. Such dreams are frequently those brought on by a sudden, brilliant light.

I mentioned seeing things. They are the main ones. But the auditory impressions still matter. First, the ear also experiences internal sensations such as buzzing, tinkling, and whistling that are difficult to differentiate and isolate while awake but are audibly distinct while sleeping. Additionally, after falling asleep, we keep hearing outside noises that the dream interprets as dialogue, singing, tears, music, etc. depending on the situation. But let's be quick to point out that sounds do not have the same significance in our dreams as colors. Our dreams are primarily visual.

According to the author, the subject of dream research is best described as:

Accepted Answer

complicated.

Answer

simple.

Answer

limited.

Answer

mysterious.