Alberta Basic Security Training Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Under the Security Services and Investigators Act regulations, what is a key requirement regarding the uniform worn by a security professional?

It must not resemble the uniform of a police officer. (Correct answer)
It must have the security professional's name embroidered on it.
It must be black or navy blue in color.
It must be approved by the local police service.

Correct answer: It must not resemble the uniform of a police officer.

The regulations under the Security Services and Investigators Act explicitly state that a security professional's uniform must not resemble that of a police officer or other law enforcement agencies. This is to prevent public confusion and ensure a clear distinction between private security and public law enforcement.

Question 2: When documenting an incident in a notebook, which principle is most critical for ensuring the notes can be used as evidence?

Recording information that is objective, factual, and chronological. (Correct answer)
Waiting until the end of the shift to write down all details from memory.
Including personal opinions about who was at fault.
Using personal shorthand to write notes faster.

Correct answer: Recording information that is objective, factual, and chronological.

Security reports and notes must be objective, factual, accurate, and written in chronological order to be considered credible evidence. Opinions, assumptions, and unverified information should be avoided. Notes should be taken at the time of the incident or as soon as possible thereafter to ensure accuracy.

Question 3: Section _____ of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms refers to being detained or imprisoned.

15
7
9 (Correct answer)
11

Correct answer: 9

Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifically states that 'Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.' This section protects individuals from unlawful arrest or detention by authorities, including security professionals acting under certain powers. It's a fundamental right related to personal liberty.

Question 4: What should a security guard do if an alarm is triggered?

Silence the alarm and resume normal duties
Investigate the cause of the alarm while following the employer's protocols (Correct answer)
Immediately assume a break-in has occurred
Ignore the alarm if it has triggered before without issues

Correct answer: Investigate the cause of the alarm while following the employer's protocols

When an alarm is triggered, a security guard's immediate responsibility is to investigate the cause systematically and safely, strictly adhering to established employer protocols. This involves assessing the situation to determine if it's a false alarm or a genuine threat, and then taking appropriate action, which may include contacting emergency services or other personnel. Silencing or ignoring alarms without investigation is a serious security breach.

Question 5: A 'soft barrier' in crowd control refers to:

Ropes, stanchions, or fencing used to guide crowd flow (Correct answer)
A team of officers forming a line
A padded wall
A verbal warning zone

Correct answer: Ropes, stanchions, or fencing used to guide crowd flow

Soft barriers like ropes and stanchions physically guide crowd movement without aggression.

Question 6: When a security guard uses verbal judo, they are:

Documenting verbal threats made by a subject
Reciting legal warnings before making physical contact
Using calm, strategic language to redirect behaviour and reduce conflict (Correct answer)
Yelling commands to intimidate a subject into compliance

Correct answer: Using calm, strategic language to redirect behaviour and reduce conflict

Verbal judo involves using calm, empathetic, and strategic language to redirect a person's behaviour and resolve conflict without physical force.

Question 7: Which of the following is the best example of an emergency procedure for a fire?

Attempting to extinguish all fires immediately
Evacuating people to a safe location and contacting the fire department (Correct answer)
Locking the building to prevent theft during the fire
Waiting for law enforcement before taking action

Correct answer: Evacuating people to a safe location and contacting the fire department

In a fire emergency, the immediate priorities are life safety and alerting professional responders. The best action for a security guard is to facilitate the safe evacuation of occupants to designated assembly points and promptly contact the fire department. Attempting to extinguish all fires is dangerous and should only be done if the fire is small, contained, and the guard is trained and equipped to do so without risk.

Question 8: While on patrol, you encounter a person in distress who appears to be experiencing a mental health crisis. Which communication principle is most important in this scenario?

Using complex language to show your expertise.
Exhibiting empathy and using a calm, steady tone of voice. (Correct answer)
Maintaining intense, direct eye contact to show you are serious.
Speaking loudly and issuing direct commands to establish control.

Correct answer: Exhibiting empathy and using a calm, steady tone of voice.

When dealing with individuals who may be experiencing a mental health crisis, it is crucial to use empathy, patience, and a calm, non-threatening tone. This approach helps to avoid escalating their agitation and builds a rapport that can lead to a safer outcome for everyone involved. Loud commands and intense eye contact can be perceived as aggressive and counterproductive.

Question 9: What must a security guard do immediately after making a citizen's arrest?

Inform the individual of the charges against them
Detain the individual until the employer arrives
Turn the individual over to law enforcement without delay (Correct answer)
Conduct a search of the individual

Correct answer: Turn the individual over to law enforcement without delay

After making a citizen's arrest, a security guard's authority to detain the individual is strictly limited and temporary. The Criminal Code of Canada mandates that the arrested person must be turned over to a peace officer (police) without delay. Failure to promptly deliver the detainee to law enforcement can result in the security guard being held legally liable for unlawful confinement.

Question 10: Which law governs a security guard's ability to ask someone to leave private property in Alberta?

The Criminal Code of Canada
The Private Security Regulation Act
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The Trespass to Premises Act (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Trespass to Premises Act

In Alberta, a security guard's ability to ask someone to leave private property is primarily governed by the provincial Trespass to Premises Act. This legislation defines what constitutes trespassing and grants property owners, or their authorized agents, the legal right to remove individuals who are unlawfully present on their land. It provides the legal framework for managing access and maintaining order on private property.

Question 11: What does "reasonable grounds" mean in the context of a security guard's authority?

A belief based on evidence that would convince a reasonable person (Correct answer)
An assumption based on past behavior
A directive from the employer
A suspicion based on a hunch

Correct answer: A belief based on evidence that would convince a reasonable person

"Reasonable grounds" signifies a standard of belief that is objectively justifiable, meaning there must be factual evidence or observations that would lead an ordinary, prudent person to conclude that an offense has occurred or is about to occur. It is a higher standard than mere suspicion or a hunch, requiring concrete information to support actions like an arrest or search. This standard is crucial for ensuring legal and ethical security practices.

Question 12: The hazard assessment should be an ongoing process.

False
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

Hazard assessment is not a one-time event but a continuous process. Work environments and conditions can change, introducing new hazards or altering existing ones. Regular and ongoing hazard assessments ensure that potential risks are continuously identified, evaluated, and controlled, maintaining a safe working environment for security professionals and others.

Question 13: Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of maintaining a 'chain of custody' for a piece of evidence found at a scene?

To determine the monetary value of the evidence.
To provide a chronological record of everyone who has handled the evidence. (Correct answer)
To quickly identify the original owner of the item.
To ensure the evidence is properly labeled with the date and time.

Correct answer: To provide a chronological record of everyone who has handled the evidence.

The chain of custody is a legal principle that requires the chronological documentation of the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of evidence. Its primary purpose is to prove that the evidence has not been tampered with, altered, or substituted from the moment it was collected to the moment it is presented in court, thus maintaining its integrity.

Question 14: During a large outdoor event, where should security officers be strategically positioned?

At key points including entries, exits, perimeter, and high-risk zones (Correct answer)
Inside the control room only
All at the main stage
Only at entry and exit points

Correct answer: At key points including entries, exits, perimeter, and high-risk zones

Comprehensive positioning at entries, exits, perimeter, and risk zones ensures full coverage of the event.

Question 15: The Use of Force Continuum is best described as:

A training schedule for combat techniques
A policy requiring security guards to call police before acting
A legal document authorizing security guards to use any force
A model showing escalating levels of control options matched to subject behaviour (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A model showing escalating levels of control options matched to subject behaviour

The Use of Force Continuum is a framework that outlines escalating response options available to security personnel, matched to the level of subject resistance or threat.

Question 16: What is a 'hot spot' in crowd control terminology?

A first aid station
An area with strong Wi-Fi signal
A VIP section
A zone with elevated risk of conflict or crowd compression (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A zone with elevated risk of conflict or crowd compression

Hot spots are areas identified as high-risk where incidents are more likely to occur and require extra monitoring.

Question 17: A security professional receives a telephone bomb threat for the facility they are monitoring. Which of the following is the most critical initial action they should take?

Attempt to keep the caller on the line as long as possible while discreetly alerting a colleague or supervisor to notify the police. (Correct answer)
Hang up the phone and call 911 to report the threat.
Immediately evacuate the building by announcing the threat over the PA system.
Initiate a building search for suspicious packages based on the information provided.

Correct answer: Attempt to keep the caller on the line as long as possible while discreetly alerting a colleague or supervisor to notify the police.

Standard bomb threat procedures emphasize gathering as much information as possible from the caller. Keeping the line open allows for the potential to trace the call and for the security professional to listen for background noises and note details about the caller's voice and speech patterns, which is invaluable for the police investigation. A colleague should make the call to 911 while the professional continues to gather intelligence.

Question 18: After a serious security incident, such as a physical altercation, has been resolved and emergency services have been contacted, what is a security professional's most important follow-up responsibility?

Completing a detailed and accurate incident report as soon as possible. (Correct answer)
Discussing the incident with other staff to get their perspectives.
Cleaning the area where the incident occurred to restore normalcy.
Immediately taking personal time off to de-stress.

Correct answer: Completing a detailed and accurate incident report as soon as possible.

Thorough and accurate documentation is a critical component of emergency response and post-incident procedure. An incident report serves as an official record for legal, insurance, and internal review purposes. It must be completed while the details are fresh in the professional's mind to ensure accuracy.

Question 19: Working the night shift is an example of a low-risk duty.

False (Correct answer)
True

Correct answer: False

Working the night shift is generally considered a higher-risk duty, not a low-risk one. Night shifts often involve reduced visibility, fewer personnel, increased potential for encountering intoxicated individuals or criminal activity, and the physiological challenges of working against natural circadian rhythms. These factors contribute to a heightened risk profile compared to day shifts.

Question 20: When you arrest an individual, you have the option to tell the person to call:

Their family
Their doctor
Their lawyer (Correct answer)
Their employer

Correct answer: Their lawyer

When an individual is arrested, they have a fundamental legal right to consult with a lawyer. This right, often referred to as the 'right to counsel,' ensures that the arrested person can receive legal advice and representation. Security personnel, like law enforcement, are obligated to inform the individual of this right and provide a reasonable opportunity to exercise it, safeguarding their legal interests.

Question 21: Which of the following is an example of passive crowd control?

Closing the event early
Shouting orders at the crowd
Barriers, signage, and lighting that guide crowd behavior without officer intervention (Correct answer)
Officers physically pushing people back

Correct answer: Barriers, signage, and lighting that guide crowd behavior without officer intervention

Passive crowd control uses environmental design—barriers, signs, and lighting—to influence behavior without direct officer involvement.

Question 22: Which of the following best describes an effective foot patrol technique?

Always using the same route and schedule to ensure consistency.
Varying the patrol route and timing to avoid predictability. (Correct answer)
Engaging in long conversations with staff to build rapport.
Keeping your eyes focused straight ahead to appear more alert.

Correct answer: Varying the patrol route and timing to avoid predictability.

Predictable patrol patterns can be exploited by criminals. Varying the route and timing of patrols makes it difficult for someone to predict the security guard's location, thus enhancing the deterrent effect of the patrol. While consistency in covering all areas is important, the pattern should not become routine.

Question 23: What is the correct response when an access card fails to work?

Deny entry and report the incident
Disable the entire access control system
Request verification of the individual's identity and authorization (Correct answer)
Allow the person entry if they claim they are authorized

Correct answer: Request verification of the individual's identity and authorization

When an access card fails, a security guard should not automatically grant or deny entry. The correct procedure is to request verification of the individual's identity through alternative means, such as a photo ID, and confirm their authorization to access the area. This ensures that security protocols are maintained while addressing legitimate access issues and allows for reporting any system malfunctions.

Question 24: While patrolling a parkade, a security professional notices a large puddle of clear, odorless liquid on the floor in a dimly lit corner. There are no warning signs present. What is the most significant and immediate health and safety hazard this situation presents?

A slip and fall hazard. (Correct answer)
A fire hazard from a flammable liquid.
A potential biohazard risk.
An air quality concern.

Correct answer: A slip and fall hazard.

While other hazards could exist, the most immediate, common, and likely danger in this scenario is that a person could slip on the liquid, fall, and sustain an injury. Hazard identification requires recognizing the most direct and probable risk first, which in this case is a slip and fall.

Question 25: What is the primary responsibility of a security guard during an emergency?

Take control of all operations at the site
Ensure personal safety first (Correct answer)
Prevent the media from accessing the scene
Manage and direct emergency services

Correct answer: Ensure personal safety first

In any emergency situation, a security guard's paramount responsibility is to ensure their own personal safety first. This principle, often called "safety first," allows the guard to remain effective and avoid becoming another casualty, which would further complicate the emergency response. Once personal safety is secured, they can then focus on their other duties, such as assisting others and managing the scene.

Question 26: Which of the following factors should a security guard consider when deciding whether to use force?

Whether the subject appears wealthy or influential
Only the physical size of the subject
The immediacy of the threat, the subject's behaviour, and the availability of less forceful options (Correct answer)
The time of day and whether supervisors are watching

Correct answer: The immediacy of the threat, the subject's behaviour, and the availability of less forceful options

A security guard must consider the nature and immediacy of the threat, the subject's behaviour, and all less forceful alternatives before deciding to use physical force.

Question 27: How should a security officer handle a person who refuses to follow crowd control instructions?

Escalate immediately to police
Ignore the situation and move on
Calmly repeat the instruction, explain the reason, and involve a supervisor if the person remains non-compliant (Correct answer)
Physically remove them without warning

Correct answer: Calmly repeat the instruction, explain the reason, and involve a supervisor if the person remains non-compliant

Calm repetition, explanation, and supervisor escalation follows the proper use-of-force continuum and minimizes confrontation.

Question 28: A tenant in a residential building reports a noise complaint about their neighbour. After speaking with the neighbour, the security professional determines the noise was reasonable and within the building's rules. The tenant who made the complaint is still upset. What is the most professional way to communicate the outcome?

Suggest that the two tenants resolve the issue themselves without security involvement.
Acknowledge the complainant's frustration, clearly explain the findings based on the rules, and document the interaction. (Correct answer)
Tell the complainant you will issue a warning to the neighbour anyway to make them feel better.
Inform the complainant that they were wrong and should not have called security.

Correct answer: Acknowledge the complainant's frustration, clearly explain the findings based on the rules, and document the interaction.

Professional communication involves being respectful and clear, even when delivering an outcome someone may not like. Acknowledging their feelings (empathy), explaining the decision based on objective rules, and properly documenting the event is the most professional approach. This validates the person's concern while upholding the rules and creating an accurate record.

Question 29: What is the main purpose of security patrols?

To socialize with employees
To deter crime, detect threats, and ensure safety through visible presence (Correct answer)
To check that lights are working
To give the officer exercise

Correct answer: To deter crime, detect threats, and ensure safety through visible presence

Patrols deter criminal activity through visible presence and allow early detection of threats or hazards.

Question 30: Which of the following is the PRIMARY purpose of conducting regular security patrols?

To deter, detect, and respond to potential security incidents. (Correct answer)
To ensure employees are following company policies.
To project an image of authority to the public.
To provide customer service and directions to visitors.

Correct answer: To deter, detect, and respond to potential security incidents.

The core function of security patrols is to prevent incidents from happening (deter), identify any unusual or unauthorized activity (detect), and take appropriate action when an incident occurs (respond). While other options can be secondary duties, the primary goal is always focused on security and safety.

Question 31: Why should a security officer vary their patrol route and timing?

To check all CCTV cameras equally
To prevent predictability that could be exploited by criminals (Correct answer)
To avoid fatigue from repetition
To cover more ground faster

Correct answer: To prevent predictability that could be exploited by criminals

Random patrol patterns prevent criminals from learning schedules and exploiting predictable gaps in coverage.

Question 32: In Alberta's court system, which court is the highest court of appeal within the province?

The Supreme Court of Canada
The Court of King's Bench
The Alberta Court of Justice
The Court of Appeal of Alberta (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Court of Appeal of Alberta

The Court of Appeal of Alberta is the highest court in the province and hears appeals from decisions made by the Court of King's Bench and the Alberta Court of Justice. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court for the entire country, not just the province.

Question 33: What is a security guard's responsibility during a hazardous material spill?

Attempt to clean the spill immediately
Transport the hazardous material to a safer location
Ignore the spill if it appears contained
Secure the area and alert appropriate authorities (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Secure the area and alert appropriate authorities

When encountering a hazardous material spill, a security guard's primary responsibility is to ensure the safety of themselves and others by securing the area to prevent further exposure or spread. They must then immediately alert the appropriate emergency services, such as the fire department or a hazmat team, who are trained and equipped to handle such incidents. Attempting to clean the spill without proper training and equipment can be extremely dangerous.

Question 34: Which of the following BEST describes the primary difference between criminal law and civil law in the Canadian legal system?

Criminal law cases are heard in the Court of King's Bench, while civil cases are heard in the Provincial Court.
Criminal law focuses on punishing acts against society, while civil law aims to resolve private disputes between individuals or organizations. (Correct answer)
Criminal law involves federal statutes, while civil law is exclusively based on provincial statutes.
The standard of proof in criminal law is a 'balance of probabilities', whereas in civil law it is 'beyond a reasonable doubt'.

Correct answer: Criminal law focuses on punishing acts against society, while civil law aims to resolve private disputes between individuals or organizations.

Criminal law deals with offences against the state or society as a whole (e.g., theft, assault) and aims to punish offenders. Civil law addresses private disputes between parties (e.g., contract breaches, property damage) and seeks to provide compensation or remedies.

Question 35: Under what circumstances can a security guard use force?

To enforce company policies
Only when instructed by law enforcement
To protect themselves or others from harm (Correct answer)
To remove someone from private property

Correct answer: To protect themselves or others from harm

Security guards, like any citizen, are legally permitted to use reasonable force for the purpose of self-defense or the defense of others from harm. This authority is granted under the Criminal Code of Canada, which allows for the use of force that is necessary and proportionate to prevent an imminent threat. Force cannot be used simply to enforce company policies or remove someone unless there is a direct threat of harm.

Question 36: A security professional in Alberta is required to be licensed. Who is the governing body responsible for issuing this license?

The local municipal police service.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).
The Government of Alberta, specifically through Alberta Justice. (Correct answer)
A private industry-led association.

Correct answer: The Government of Alberta, specifically through Alberta Justice.

In Alberta, the licensing of security professionals is a provincial responsibility managed under the Security Services and Investigators Act. Alberta Justice is the government body that issues these licenses, ensuring all applicants meet the required standards.

Question 37: When completing a use of force report, which of the following is MOST important to include?

Only the outcome of the incident without background details
A summary written entirely from the subject's point of view
The security guard's personal opinion of the subject's character
An objective factual account of events, actions taken, and justification for force used (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An objective factual account of events, actions taken, and justification for force used

A use of force report must include an objective, factual, and complete account of events and the justification for force used to ensure legal accountability.

Question 38: Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code, after performing a citizen's arrest, a security guard must:

Deliver the person to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible (Correct answer)
Impose a fine and release the individual
Detain the person indefinitely until a court date
Hold the person until the property owner decides what to do

Correct answer: Deliver the person to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible

After a citizen's arrest, the law requires the arresting person to deliver the detained individual to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible.

Question 39: What is a security guard's role during a medical emergency?

Wait for emergency services to arrive without intervening
Provide advanced medical care to the victim
Perform CPR or first aid if trained and certified (Correct answer)
Diagnose the victim's condition before calling an ambulance

Correct answer: Perform CPR or first aid if trained and certified

During a medical emergency, a security guard's role is to provide immediate assistance within the scope of their training and certification. If they are trained and certified in CPR or first aid, they should administer it while waiting for professional medical services to arrive. Their responsibilities also include securing the scene, calling for help, and providing comfort, but not diagnosing conditions or providing advanced medical care.

Question 40: A security professional is tasked with performing a 'fire watch' because the building's sprinkler system is temporarily out of service. What is the main duty associated with this role?

Manually activating the fire alarm every hour to test its functionality.
Keeping a detailed log of everyone who enters and exits the building.
Repairing the faulty sprinkler system as quickly as possible.
Patrolling the designated areas to detect any signs of fire and being prepared to alert occupants and emergency services. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Patrolling the designated areas to detect any signs of fire and being prepared to alert occupants and emergency services.

A fire watch is implemented when fire suppression or detection systems are non-functional. The security professional's duty is to act as a human monitoring system, actively patrolling for any evidence of a fire (smoke, flames, unusual odours) and to be ready to initiate emergency procedures, including alerting people and calling the fire department.

Question 41: In an active shooter scenario, what is the recommended initial action?

Ignore the situation and continue patrol duties
Lock or barricade yourself and others in a safe location (Correct answer)
Confront the shooter to divert their attention
Attempt to disarm the shooter immediately

Correct answer: Lock or barricade yourself and others in a safe location

In an active shooter scenario, the recommended initial action, often summarized as "Run, Hide, Fight," prioritizes self-preservation. If evacuation is not possible, the next best step is to hide by locking or barricading oneself and others in a secure location, making it difficult for the shooter to gain access. Confronting the shooter should only be a last resort when lives are in imminent danger and no other option exists.

Question 42: What is the purpose of a pre-event briefing for security staff?

To distribute uniforms only
To ensure all officers know the venue layout, roles, communication channels, and emergency procedures (Correct answer)
To assign officers their lunch breaks
To review the entertainment lineup

Correct answer: To ensure all officers know the venue layout, roles, communication channels, and emergency procedures

Pre-event briefings align all security staff on their responsibilities, communication protocols, and emergency plans.

Question 43: During a patrol, a security officer smells smoke but cannot see flames. They should:

Investigate cautiously, activate the fire alarm if warranted, and follow the emergency plan (Correct answer)
Ignore it until they see visible fire
Immediately evacuate the building alone without alerting anyone
Open all windows to ventilate the building

Correct answer: Investigate cautiously, activate the fire alarm if warranted, and follow the emergency plan

A smell of smoke requires investigation and may warrant activating the alarm and following the established emergency response plan.

Question 44: Which of the following is the BEST example of an active resistance behaviour by a subject?

Walking away slowly from a security guard
Standing still and refusing to show ID
Physically pushing a security guard to prevent being detained (Correct answer)
Verbally arguing with a security guard

Correct answer: Physically pushing a security guard to prevent being detained

Active resistance involves physical actions by the subject — such as pushing or pulling — that oppose the security guard's attempts to gain control.

Question 45: In the event of a medical emergency where a person is found unresponsive, what is the primary role of an ABST-certified security professional who does NOT have advanced medical training?

Secure the scene to ensure the safety of the victim and bystanders, and call for professional medical help. (Correct answer)
Search the individual's belongings for medical identification or information.
Move the person to a more comfortable location before calling for help.
Administer CPR and first aid immediately, regardless of training level.

Correct answer: Secure the scene to ensure the safety of the victim and bystanders, and call for professional medical help.

The primary role of a security professional in a medical emergency is to ensure the scene is safe for everyone, prevent further harm, and activate the professional emergency response system (i.e., call 911 or the site's emergency number). Unless specifically trained and certified in first aid/CPR, they should not perform medical interventions, as this could cause further injury.

Question 46: While on duty, a security professional discovers a contractor who has fallen from a ladder and is conscious but in obvious pain and unable to move. After ensuring the scene is safe for everyone, what should be the security professional's immediate priority?

Question the contractor about what caused the fall for the report.
Activate emergency medical services (call 911). (Correct answer)
Secure the ladder as potential evidence.
Attempt to move the contractor to a more comfortable position.

Correct answer: Activate emergency medical services (call 911).

The primary responsibility in a medical emergency is the well-being of the injured person. For a potentially serious injury, such as a fall from a height, the correct and immediate action is to call for professional medical help (911). Moving the person could worsen potential spinal injuries, and detailed investigation can wait until after aid has been summoned and rendered.

Question 47: Security professionals in Alberta are licensed under the:

Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act
Criminal Code of Canada
Security Services and Investigators Act (Correct answer)
Alberta Security Regulations

Correct answer: Security Services and Investigators Act

Security professionals in Alberta are licensed under the Security Services and Investigators Act. This provincial legislation sets out the requirements for licensing, training, conduct, and enforcement for individuals and businesses providing security services and investigative services in Alberta. It ensures industry standards and public safety.

Question 48: What is the main goal of conflict resolution training for security guards?

To equip security guards to resolve disputes with minimum force and maximum safety (Correct answer)
To teach security guards to physically overpower any subject
To memorize police arrest procedures
To eliminate the need for verbal communication in the field

Correct answer: To equip security guards to resolve disputes with minimum force and maximum safety

Conflict resolution training equips security guards to handle disputes safely and professionally, using the least force necessary to protect people and property.

Question 49: What is the primary goal of crowd management for a security officer?

Prevent dangerous crowding and maintain orderly movement (Correct answer)
Limit venue capacity to half
Arrest troublemakers immediately
Enforce dress codes strictly

Correct answer: Prevent dangerous crowding and maintain orderly movement

Crowd management aims to prevent dangerous overcrowding and guide people safely through an area.

Question 50: While on duty at a shopping mall, a security professional observes an individual shoplifting. According to the Criminal Code of Canada, what is the security professional's authority in this situation?

They have the same authority as a police officer to make an arrest.
They are only authorized to observe and report and cannot detain the individual.
They must obtain a warrant before they can take any action.
They can perform a citizen's arrest because they witnessed an indictable offence. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: They can perform a citizen's arrest because they witnessed an indictable offence.

Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, any person, including a security professional, may arrest without a warrant someone they find committing an indictable offence. Shoplifting is considered an indictable offence. The security professional is acting as a private citizen in this capacity and must deliver the arrested person to a peace officer forthwith.

Question 51: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizure by government agents. What is the primary implication of this for a security professional acting as a private citizen?

They can search anyone they have arrested without any restrictions.
They have the same search powers as a police officer upon making a citizen's arrest.
They must obtain a warrant before searching any person or their belongings.
They are not bound by the Charter because they are not government agents, but they still cannot search individuals without consent or legal justification. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: They are not bound by the Charter because they are not government agents, but they still cannot search individuals without consent or legal justification.

The Charter primarily applies to actions by the government and its agents (like police). While a security professional is a private citizen and not directly bound by the Charter in the same way, common law and the Criminal Code still place strict limits on their ability to search individuals. A search without consent is generally illegal and can constitute assault, unless it is conducted as a safety measure incidental to a lawful arrest.

Question 52: Which of the following best describes 'passive resistance' in the use of force model?

A subject verbally threatening security but not moving
A subject fleeing the scene at high speed
A subject actively pushing or pulling against a security guard
A subject refusing to comply with lawful direction without physical aggression (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A subject refusing to comply with lawful direction without physical aggression

Passive resistance occurs when a subject refuses to comply with lawful direction but does not physically attack or aggress against the security guard.

Question 53: When using a radio to report a crowd incident, a security officer should:

Wait until the incident is fully resolved
Speak clearly, briefly, and provide location, nature of incident, and assistance needed (Correct answer)
Give long detailed speeches to fully explain the situation
Avoid radio communication to prevent panic

Correct answer: Speak clearly, briefly, and provide location, nature of incident, and assistance needed

Concise radio communication ensures supervisors receive actionable information immediately.

Question 54: Which of the following actions by a security guard would most likely constitute 'excessive force'?

Verbally asking a trespasser to leave
Using physical restraint on a person actively fighting
Standing in the path of a fleeing shoplifter
Striking an already-restrained and compliant subject (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Striking an already-restrained and compliant subject

Striking a subject who is already restrained and compliant goes beyond what is necessary to control the situation and constitutes excessive force.

Question 55: What is a 'blind spot' in a security surveillance context?

An officer with poor eyesight
A camera that is pointed at the ground
An area not covered by CCTV cameras or direct observation (Correct answer)
A room with no lighting

Correct answer: An area not covered by CCTV cameras or direct observation

Blind spots are gaps in camera or patrol coverage where criminal activity could go undetected.

Question 56: Do not tell an individual they are being interviewed or they may stop telling the truth.

False (Correct answer)
True

Correct answer: False

It is generally recommended to inform an individual that they are being interviewed. Transparency can build trust and encourage cooperation, rather than deterring truthfulness. While the term 'interview' might sound formal, clearly stating the purpose of questioning helps maintain ethical standards and ensures the individual understands the context of the conversation.

Question 57: A security professional is patrolling a private property and witnesses an individual breaking into a vehicle. According to Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, what is the most appropriate initial action for the security professional to take?

Use any force necessary to immediately subdue and search the individual.
Verbally confront the individual and demand they return any stolen items.
Arrest the individual and immediately notify law enforcement. (Correct answer)
Observe from a distance and wait for the property owner to arrive before acting.

Correct answer: Arrest the individual and immediately notify law enforcement.

Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada allows any person, including a security professional, to arrest without a warrant someone they find committing an indictable offence. After making a citizen's arrest, the individual must be delivered to a peace officer forthwith.

Question 58: Which of the following is part of a well-prepared emergency response plan?

Evacuation routes and designated assembly points
A list of emergency contacts and their roles
Pre-approved instructions for media communication
All of the above (Correct answer)

Correct answer: All of the above

A comprehensive emergency response plan includes multiple critical components to ensure an organized and effective reaction to various incidents. This encompasses clear communication protocols, such as a list of emergency contacts and their roles, detailed safety procedures like evacuation routes and designated assembly points, and defined responsibilities for all personnel involved. All these elements are vital for minimizing harm and managing emergencies efficiently.

Question 59: A security professional is asked by their supervisor to perform a task that they believe is illegal. What is the most appropriate course of action for the professional to take?

Refuse to perform the task and report the request to a higher authority or the proper regulatory body. (Correct answer)
Perform the task but anonymously report the supervisor afterward.
Ask a colleague to perform the task instead.
Follow the supervisor's order to avoid being insubordinate.

Correct answer: Refuse to perform the task and report the request to a higher authority or the proper regulatory body.

A security professional's primary duty is to act lawfully and ethically. If a supervisor orders an illegal act, the professional must refuse. The proper response is to decline the order and report the situation to a higher level of management within the company or, if necessary, to the provincial registrar responsible for security licensing.

Question 60: Which of the following is considered proper professional conduct for a security officer on patrol?

Sitting down whenever possible to conserve energy
Using personal headphones to pass the time
Checking personal social media on patrol
Remaining alert, maintaining a professional appearance, and engaging courteously with people encountered (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Remaining alert, maintaining a professional appearance, and engaging courteously with people encountered

Alertness, professionalism, and courteous engagement reflect the standards expected of a licensed security officer.

Question 61: What is the main legal authority for a security guard to make an arrest in Alberta?

The Criminal Code of Canada (Correct answer)
The Private Security Regulation Act
The Police Act
The Trespass to Premises

Correct answer: The Criminal Code of Canada

In Canada, the primary legal authority for a security guard to make an arrest, often referred to as a citizen's arrest, is derived from the Criminal Code of Canada. Section 494 of this federal legislation outlines the specific conditions under which any person, including a security guard, may lawfully arrest an individual. While other provincial acts govern security operations, the power to arrest stems from federal criminal law.

Question 62: You can be held criminally responsible if you use excessive force.

False
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

Security professionals, like all citizens, are legally accountable for their actions. Using excessive force, meaning force beyond what is reasonably necessary for self-defense or to effect a lawful arrest, can lead to criminal charges. This principle underscores the importance of using only necessary and proportionate force in any given situation.

Question 63: A security professional in Alberta is required to present their license upon request. Which of the following parties is NOT explicitly mentioned as someone they must show their license to?

A member of the public
Their direct supervisor
A police officer
An on-duty firefighter (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An on-duty firefighter

While it is good practice to cooperate with all emergency services, legislation like Ontario's similar Private Security and Investigative Services Act, which mirrors common requirements, specifies that a license must be shown to police, employers, and any member of the public who asks. There is no specific legal requirement to present it to a firefighter unless they are acting in a law enforcement capacity.

Question 64: Which of the following is the primary role of a security professional as defined by the Security Services and Investigators Act of Alberta?

To conduct arrests and criminal investigations.
To provide emergency medical services.
To enforce all federal and provincial laws.
To protect an organization's property, personnel, and information. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To protect an organization's property, personnel, and information.

The Security Services and Investigators Act defines a security guard's role as protecting an organization's property, personnel, and information against threats like fire, theft, vandalism, and illegal entry. While they may assist with incidents, their primary function is protection, not law enforcement or medical services.

Question 65: What is the primary purpose of access control in a security setting?

To monitor employees' work hours
To prevent theft of company assets
To detect fire hazards
To ensure only authorized individuals enter restricted areas (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To ensure only authorized individuals enter restricted areas

The primary purpose of access control in a security setting is to regulate and restrict entry to specific areas or facilities, ensuring that only authorized individuals can gain access. This measure is fundamental for protecting assets, sensitive information, and personnel by preventing unauthorized intrusion. It helps maintain the security and integrity of a location.

Question 66: Which of the following is an example of a physical access control device?

Motion detectors
Key cards and keypads (Correct answer)
Surveillance cameras
Security alarm systems

Correct answer: Key cards and keypads

Physical access control devices are tangible tools used to manage and restrict entry to a physical space. Key cards and keypads are prime examples, as they require a physical credential or a code to unlock a door or gate. In contrast, surveillance cameras and motion detectors are typically part of an intrusion detection system, and alarm systems signal a breach rather than directly controlling access.

Question 67: If a fight breaks out in a crowd, a security officer's immediate priority is to:

Isolate the individuals involved and prevent the conflict from spreading (Correct answer)
Evacuate the entire venue
Wait for police before acting
Join the fight to stop it faster

Correct answer: Isolate the individuals involved and prevent the conflict from spreading

Isolating those involved prevents the altercation from drawing in bystanders and escalating.

Question 68: Which of the following actions could lead to a security guard being held liable?

All of the above (Correct answer)
Arresting someone without reasonable grounds
Failing to turn over a detainee to the police promptly
Using excessive force during an arrest

Correct answer: All of the above

Security guards are legally accountable for their actions, and several missteps can lead to liability. Arresting someone without reasonable grounds constitutes unlawful confinement, using excessive force during an arrest can result in assault charges, and failing to promptly turn over a detainee to the police can also lead to legal repercussions. Any of these actions can expose the guard and their employer to civil lawsuits or criminal charges.

Question 69: During a routine patrol of an office building after hours, a security professional discovers a broken window and signs of a forced entry. What should be their immediate priority?

Enter the office to determine what was stolen.
Contact the building manager to report the property damage. (Correct answer)
Clean up the broken glass to prevent injuries.
Secure their own safety and then notify law enforcement.

Correct answer: Contact the building manager to report the property damage.

Upon discovering a potential crime scene, a security professional's first priority is their own safety. They should not enter the area as the suspect may still be present. The correct procedure is to withdraw to a safe location, notify the police immediately, and then inform site management while protecting the scene from contamination.

Question 70: Why is proper lighting important for security surveillance at night?

It improves CCTV image quality and deters criminal activity (Correct answer)
It reduces electricity costs
It helps security officers stay awake
It is required only for parking lots

Correct answer: It improves CCTV image quality and deters criminal activity

Adequate lighting enhances camera visibility and acts as a deterrent since criminals prefer to operate in darkness.

Question 71: If someone threatens to strike you in order to steal your wallet, what offense is that person committing?

Fraud
Theft
Assault
Robbery (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Robbery

Robbery is a specific criminal offense that involves both theft and the use or threat of violence. When someone threatens to strike you to steal your wallet, they are combining the act of taking property (theft) with an act of violence or intimidation (assault). This combination of force or threat of force with the intent to steal is precisely what defines robbery.

Question 72: With consent of both parties, an employer may attempt to resolve an issue between a security professional and a complainant.

False
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

In Alberta Basic Security Training, it is understood that employers can play a role in mediating disputes. With the explicit consent of both the security professional and the complainant, an employer is permitted to attempt to resolve an issue. This process aims to find an amicable solution and can prevent further escalation or formal complaints.

Question 73: While on duty, a security professional is advised by their employer's policy not to physically intervene in any situation. However, they witness a serious assault in progress. Under the Criminal Code, what is the security professional's legal standing?

Their legal authority to act as a private citizen under the Criminal Code may supersede the employer's policy in certain situations. (Correct answer)
They are granted the same intervention powers as a peace officer in this scenario.
They must adhere strictly to the employer's policy and can be charged if they intervene.
They are only permitted to intervene if the victim is a client or employee on the property.

Correct answer: Their legal authority to act as a private citizen under the Criminal Code may supersede the employer's policy in certain situations.

A security professional's powers of arrest and use of force are derived from the Criminal Code, which applies to all private citizens. While company policy is important, the Criminal Code provides legal authority to act (e.g., make a citizen's arrest, use reasonable force to prevent an offence) that is independent of employer policy. A restrictive policy does not remove these legal rights, although acting against policy may have employment consequences.

Question 74: Under the Canadian Criminal Code, a security guard performing a citizen's arrest may detain a person who:

Appears suspicious based on appearance
Is loitering on private property
Is suspected of any crime at any time
Is found committing a criminal offence (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Is found committing a criminal offence

Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code, a citizen's arrest is lawful when a person is actually found committing an indictable offence.

Question 75: LEAPS is a method for making a decision about whether or not to use force.

False (Correct answer)
True

Correct answer: False

LEAPS is an acronym for Listen, Empathize, Ask, Paraphrase, Summarize, and is a communication technique used for de-escalation and effective interaction, not for deciding whether or not to use force. Decisions about using force are typically guided by principles of necessity, proportionality, and legal frameworks like the Criminal Code of Canada. LEAPS helps in managing situations verbally to potentially avoid the need for force.

Alberta Basic Security Training Exam

This exam certifies individuals to work as security guards in Alberta, ensuring they possess the foundational knowledge required for the role.

Questions

60 min

Time Limit

60%

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