Mixed Deck — All ESAT Topics Flashcards

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Answer: They act as biological catalysts, lowering activation energy

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy without being consumed.

What is the area enclosed by y = x² and y = x between x = 0 and x = 1?

Answer: 1/6

∫₀¹ (x - x²) dx = [x²/2 - x³/3]₀¹ = 1/2 - 1/3 = 1/6.

What shape does a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs adopt?

Answer: Tetrahedral

VSEPR theory predicts a tetrahedral geometry for 4 bonding pairs with no lone pairs (e.g., CH₄).

If a vector a = (3, 4), what is |a|?

Answer: 5

|a| = √(3² + 4²) = √(9 + 16) = √25 = 5.

How many moles of NaCl are in 117 g? (Molar mass NaCl = 58.5 g/mol)

Answer: 2 mol

n = mass / molar mass = 117 / 58.5 = 2 mol.

In ESAT Physics, what is the principle of superposition for waves?

Answer: The resultant displacement is the sum of individual displacements

Superposition states that when two or more waves overlap, the total displacement equals the algebraic sum of individual displacements.

In which month is the ESAT typically administered?

Answer: October

The ESAT is typically held in October, in time for university application deadlines in the UK.

Which of the following describes the work-energy theorem?

Answer: Net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy

The work-energy theorem states W_net = ΔKE = ½mv² - ½mu².

How does the ESAT benefit students who are applying to engineering and science programs?

Answer: It provides students with an opportunity to demonstrate their aptitude in subjects critical to their chosen field.

The ESAT benefits students applying to engineering and science programs by providing a dedicated platform to showcase their aptitude and proficiency in subjects directly relevant to their chosen field. This allows them to demonstrate their strengths in mathematics, physics, and chemistry, which are critical for success in STEM. A strong ESAT score can significantly bolster their application and highlight their readiness for advanced technical studies.

In ESAT Chemistry, what is the first ionisation energy?

Answer: Energy to remove one electron from a gaseous atom

First ionisation energy is the energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

What is the volume of the solid formed when y = √x (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) is rotated 360° about the x-axis?

Answer: 8π

V = π∫₀⁴ (√x)² dx = π∫₀⁴ x dx = π[x²/2]₀⁴ = 8π.

What is the pH of a solution with [H⁺] = 1 × 10⁻³ mol/L?

Answer: 3

pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(10⁻³) = 3.

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell as tested in ESAT Biology?

Answer: Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, producing the majority of a cell's ATP.

Which is the correct binomial expansion of (1+x)^(-2) for |x| < 1, up to the x² term?

Answer: 1 - 2x + 3x²

Using the binomial series with n=-2: the coefficient of x is -2 and of x² is (-2)(-3)/2! = 3, giving 1 - 2x + 3x².

Which molecule carries genetic information in most organisms?

Answer: DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores genetic information in the sequence of its nucleotide bases.

What is the most effective way to prepare for the mathematics section of the ESAT?

Answer: Reviewing core concepts in algebra, calculus, and trigonometry, and practicing problem-solving

The most effective way to prepare for the mathematics section of the ESAT is to thoroughly review core concepts in algebra, calculus, and trigonometry. Beyond memorization, it is crucial to practice applying these concepts to a wide range of problem-solving scenarios. This approach builds both conceptual understanding and the analytical skills necessary to tackle complex mathematical challenges on the test.

What does Le Chatelier's Principle state in chemical equilibrium?

Answer: A system at equilibrium will shift to oppose any imposed change

Le Chatelier's Principle states that a system at equilibrium responds to a stress by shifting to minimise that stress.

What is the marking scheme for the ESAT?

Answer: One mark per correct answer, no penalty for wrong answers

The ESAT uses positive marking only: one mark for each correct answer with no penalty for incorrect responses.

What does the ESAT Biology section typically assess?

Answer: Cell biology, genetics, and physiology

The ESAT Biology component covers cell biology, genetics, physiology, ecology, and evolution.

In Mendelian genetics, if both parents are Aa, what proportion of offspring will be homozygous recessive (aa)?

Answer: 1/4

A Punnett square for Aa × Aa gives AA:Aa:aa = 1:2:1, so 1/4 are homozygous recessive.