Cognitive-Affective Behavior Bases Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Cognitive-Affective Behavior Bases flashcards as text
The somatic marker hypothesis, proposed by Damasio, suggests that decision-making is guided by:
Answer: Bodily emotional signals that tag choices with positive or negative valence
Damasio proposed that somatic markers — body-based emotional signals — bias decisions by flagging options as advantageous or dangerous before full rational analysis.
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or impulses to another person?
Answer: Projection
Projection is the defense mechanism of attributing one's own unacceptable impulses, feelings, or thoughts to someone else.
Research on the affect heuristic indicates that people's judgments of risk and benefit are most strongly shaped by:
Answer: Their immediate emotional response to a stimulus
The affect heuristic shows that positive or negative feelings toward an object drive risk-benefit judgments more powerfully than objective data.
According to the mood-congruent memory effect, individuals in a depressed mood are most likely to:
Answer: Recall negative autobiographical memories consistent with their mood
Mood-congruent memory refers to the tendency to more easily recall memories that match one's current emotional state.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was specifically developed to prevent relapse in:
Answer: Recurrent major depressive disorder
MBCT was designed by Segal, Williams, and Teasdale specifically to reduce relapse in patients with three or more prior episodes of major depression.
In Piaget's theory, the ability to understand that a quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement emerges during which stage?
Answer: Concrete operational
Conservation — understanding that quantity is invariant across perceptual transformations — is a hallmark achievement of the concrete operational stage.
The Yerkes-Dodson law describes the relationship between arousal and performance as:
Answer: An inverted U-shaped curve
The Yerkes-Dodson law states that performance peaks at moderate arousal levels, with both very low and very high arousal producing poorer performance.