Cognitive-Affective Bases Flashcards

Rumination differs from worry primarily in that rumination is more focused on:

Answer: Past events, losses, and possible causes of current distress

Rumination is repetitive, passive focus on distress and its causes/consequences in the past, whereas worry is future-oriented cognitive activity.

The concept of 'affective forecasting error' refers to the tendency of people to:

Answer: Overestimate the hedonic impact and duration of future events

Affective forecasting errors (especially impact bias) reflect systematic overestimation of how intensely and how long future events will affect well-being.

In the Lazarus transactional model of stress, secondary appraisal involves evaluating:

Answer: What coping options are available and how effective they may be

Secondary appraisal follows primary appraisal and involves the individual's assessment of their coping resources and options.

Which of the following best describes the 'default mode network' (DMN) and its cognitive-affective relevance?

Answer: A network active during mind-wandering, self-referential thought, and mentalizing

The DMN is most active when the mind is not focused on external tasks and is involved in self-referential processing, future thinking, and understanding others' mental states.

Emotional schema therapy (Leahy) targets maladaptive beliefs about emotions. Which belief is considered most problematic?

Answer: Emotions are permanent, uncontrollable, and unique to oneself

Leahy's model targets beliefs that emotions are lasting, shameful, and that only the individual experiences them—beliefs that drive avoidance and escalation.

The phenomenon of 'hot cognition' in social psychology refers to:

Answer: Thinking influenced by motivational and affective states

Hot cognition refers to mental processes that are driven or colored by emotion, motivation, or desire, as contrasted with purely rational cold cognition.

According to the polyvagal theory (Porges), the ventral vagal complex primarily supports:

Answer: Social engagement, calm communication, and connection

Porges proposed that the evolutionarily newest vagal pathway (ventral vagal) underlies the social engagement system, enabling calm states and prosocial communication.