Engineering Certification Thermodynamics & Fluid Mechanics Flashcards
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Which thermodynamic law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another?
Answer: First Law
The First Law of Thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy: the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.
What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about heat transfer?
Answer: Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold bodies
The Second Law states that heat naturally flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, and entropy of an isolated system increases.
In fluid mechanics, what does Bernoulli's equation relate?
Answer: Pressure, velocity, and elevation in a flowing fluid
Bernoulli's equation states that for steady, incompressible, inviscid flow, the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy remains constant along a streamline.
What is the Reynolds number used to determine in fluid mechanics?
Answer: Whether flow is laminar or turbulent
The Reynolds number (Re = ρvD/μ) is a dimensionless ratio that predicts whether fluid flow will be laminar (Re 4000) in a pipe.
Which thermodynamic process occurs at constant temperature?
Answer: Isothermal
An isothermal process occurs at constant temperature, and for an ideal gas, it follows the relationship PV = constant.
What is the continuity equation in fluid mechanics based on?
Answer: Conservation of mass
The continuity equation (A₁V₁ = A₂V₂ for incompressible flow) is derived from conservation of mass — what flows in must flow out for steady-state conditions.