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Clinical Procedures & Protocols Flashcards

7 cards from real EMS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Clinical Procedures & Protocols flashcards as text

  1. A patient with a GCS of 8 and suspected traumatic brain injury has an SpO2 of 88% on room air. What is the oxygen delivery target?

    Answer: SpO2 ≥ 94% with avoidance of hyperoxia

    For TBI patients, the goal is SpO2 ≥ 94% to prevent secondary hypoxic injury while avoiding hyperoxia, which worsens outcomes.

  2. Which sign is the MOST reliable indicator of correct ETT placement?

    Answer: Continuous waveform capnography showing CO2

    Continuous waveform capnography (EtCO2) is the gold standard for confirming and monitoring ETT placement throughout transport.

  3. A 68-year-old patient on warfarin has uncontrolled epistaxis. Which hemostatic agent or technique is MOST appropriate for EMS field management?

    Answer: Direct pressure with nasal pinch for 15 minutes

    Direct pressure by pinching the soft part of the nose for 15 continuous minutes is the first-line EMS intervention for epistaxis.

  4. When establishing IO access on a pediatric patient, the preferred site is:

    Answer: Proximal tibia, anteromedial surface

    The anteromedial surface of the proximal tibia, 1–2 cm below the tibial tuberosity, is the preferred pediatric IO site due to its flat, accessible cortex.

  5. A patient is experiencing a witnessed ventricular fibrillation. CPR has been ongoing for 2 minutes. The FIRST drug given after the second shock should be:

    Answer: Epinephrine 1 mg IV/IO

    Per ACLS guidelines, epinephrine 1 mg IV/IO is the first drug administered in shockable rhythms, given after the second shock and repeated every 3–5 minutes.

  6. Which finding during a 12-lead ECG acquisition would indicate that limb leads are reversed (LA/RA swap)?

    Answer: Predominantly negative QRS in lead I with positive aVR

    LA/RA lead reversal produces a predominantly negative QRS in lead I and a positive complex in aVR, the mirror image of normal.

  7. A patient has an open chest wound with sucking sounds on inhalation. After sealing the wound with a vented chest seal, the patient's condition deteriorates. What should you do NEXT?

    Answer: Burp or remove the chest seal and reassess for tension pneumothorax

    Deterioration after chest seal application suggests tension pneumothorax from a blocked vent; burp or remove the seal to allow trapped air to escape.