Practice Test Geeks(ELAR) English Language Arts and Reading Practice Test
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Foundations of Reading Instruction Flashcards

7 cards from real ELAR practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Foundations of Reading Instruction flashcards as text

  1. A teacher notices a student reads 'ship' as 'chip'. Which phonological skill is the student struggling with?

    Answer: Phoneme substitution

    Phoneme substitution is the ability to replace one phoneme with another, which is what the student fails to do correctly with the initial consonant blend.

  2. Which assessment best measures a student's orthographic knowledge?

    Answer: Spelling inventory or word sort task

    Spelling inventories and word sort tasks reveal how well students understand letter patterns and spelling conventions, which reflects orthographic knowledge.

  3. According to the Simple View of Reading, reading comprehension is the product of:

    Answer: Language comprehension and decoding

    The Simple View of Reading (Gough & Tunmer, 1986) defines reading comprehension as the product of decoding ability and language comprehension.

  4. A student can blend and segment phonemes but still struggles to read words. What is the most likely next instructional focus?

    Answer: Teaching phoneme-grapheme correspondences

    Phoneme-grapheme correspondence instruction bridges phonological awareness skills to actual decoding by connecting sounds to their written representations.

  5. Which type of text structure would a teacher address when teaching students to identify cause-and-effect relationships in expository text?

    Answer: Causal structure

    Causal (cause-and-effect) text structure organizes information around why events happen and what results from them, which is the focus of this instruction.

  6. What does 'morphological awareness' primarily involve?

    Answer: Recognizing and manipulating meaningful word parts

    Morphological awareness is the ability to recognize and use morphemes — prefixes, suffixes, roots — to understand and decode words.

  7. A teacher groups students by similar spelling errors for targeted word study. This practice is best described as:

    Answer: Differentiated phonics instruction based on assessment data

    Using spelling error patterns from assessment data to form flexible instructional groups is a hallmark of differentiated, data-driven phonics instruction.