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Neuroanatomy and Physiology Flashcards

7 cards from real EEG practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Neuroanatomy and Physiology flashcards as text

  1. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on apical dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons generate which polarity at the overlying scalp electrode?

    Answer: Positive deflection

    IPSPs at apical dendrites create a current sink deeper in the cortex and a source near the surface, resulting in a positive polarity at the scalp electrode above.

  2. Which ascending arousal pathway originating in the locus coeruleus modulates cortical excitability and EEG background through norepinephrine release?

    Answer: Dorsal noradrenergic bundle

    The dorsal noradrenergic bundle from the locus coeruleus projects widely to cortex, modulating neuronal excitability and promoting EEG desynchronization during alertness.

  3. The dentate gyrus, CA fields of the hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex form the primary circuit for memory encoding. EEG theta rhythms (4-8 Hz) recorded over temporal regions are thought to reflect activity in which of these structures?

    Answer: Hippocampus

    Hippocampal theta rhythm (4-8 Hz) is strongly associated with memory encoding and spatial navigation and can be detected with depth or surface EEG over temporal regions.

  4. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), associated with migraine aura, is characterized by what EEG finding?

    Answer: Transient high-amplitude slow wave followed by sustained suppression

    CSD produces a brief increase in slow activity followed by prolonged EEG suppression as a wave of depolarization-then-silence propagates across the cortex.

  5. The insula, buried within the lateral sulcus, is involved in autonomic regulation. Seizures arising from insular cortex most likely affect which EEG electrode chain?

    Answer: F7-T7-P7-O1

    The insula is accessed via the lateral sulcus and is closest to temporal chain electrodes (F7/T7/P7), making this chain most likely to reflect insular seizure activity.

  6. Cajal-Retzius cells in cortical layer I release reelin, which guides neuronal migration. Dysfunction in this process can result in lissencephaly, which characteristically produces what EEG pattern?

    Answer: Very high voltage slow activity with multifocal spikes

    Lissencephaly produces disorganized cortical architecture with very high-voltage slow waves and multifocal epileptiform discharges due to abnormal cortical lamination.

  7. The perisylvian language network includes Broca's area (IFG) and Wernicke's area connected by the arcuate fasciculus. EEG-based language mapping uses which technique to identify these regions before epilepsy surgery?

    Answer: Electrocorticography (ECoG) with cortical stimulation mapping

    Electrocorticography with direct cortical stimulation (extraoperative or intraoperative) is the gold-standard EEG-based method to map language-eloquent cortex before resection.