Ecology Population Growth and Regulation 2

Question 1

Which equation correctly represents the net reproductive rate (R0) in a population?

Accepted Answer

R0 = Σ(lx × mx)

Answer

R0 = birth rate / death rate

Answer

R0 = N(t+1) / N(t)

Answer

R0 = r × K

Question 2

A population grows from 500 to 550 individuals in one year. What is the per capita growth rate (r) approximately?

Accepted Answer

0.095

Answer

0.10

Answer

0.050

Answer

0.200

Question 3

What does a survivorship curve Type II indicate about a population?

Accepted Answer

Constant mortality rate at all ages

Answer

High juvenile mortality then stable adult survival

Answer

Low early mortality with rapid decline in old age

Answer

Mortality increases exponentially with age

Question 4

Scramble competition occurs when limited resources are divided among all competitors such that:

Accepted Answer

Everyone gets an insufficient share and many die

Answer

The strongest individuals get all resources

Answer

Resources are evenly distributed ensuring survival

Answer

Only dominant individuals reproduce

Question 5

Which demographic concept describes the time it takes a population to double in size under exponential growth?

Accepted Answer

Doubling time (td = ln2 / r)

Answer

Generation time (T)

Answer

Replacement rate (R0)

Answer

Finite rate of increase (λ)

Question 6

Allee effects are most likely to threaten population persistence when:

Accepted Answer

Population density falls below a critical minimum threshold

Answer

Population density exceeds carrying capacity

Answer

Birth rates exceed death rates

Answer

Age structure is skewed toward juveniles

Question 7

In a stage-structured population model, a transition matrix element of 0.7 in row 2, column 1 represents:

Accepted Answer

70% probability of individuals moving from stage 1 to stage 2

Answer

70% survival of stage 2 individuals

Answer

Fecundity of 0.7 offspring per stage 1 individual

Answer

70% mortality in stage 1