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Emergency Medical Services Flashcards

6 cards from real DHA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Emergency Medical Services flashcards as text

  1. A 25-year-old male is brought to the ED after a road traffic accident. He is unresponsive, BP 70/40 mmHg, HR 130 bpm, and has absent breath sounds on the right side with tracheal deviation to the left. What is the immediate management?

    Answer: Immediate needle thoracostomy in the right 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line

    This is a tension pneumothorax — a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate needle decompression. Tracheal deviation away from the affected side, absent breath sounds, and hemodynamic instability are classic signs. Do not wait for imaging.

  2. An adult patient in cardiac arrest is receiving CPR. After the second defibrillation shock, which medication should be administered next according to ACLS guidelines?

    Answer: Epinephrine 1mg IV every 3–5 minutes

    Per ACLS guidelines, epinephrine 1mg IV should be given as soon as possible during cardiac arrest. For shockable rhythms (VF/pVT), epinephrine is given after the second shock. It is repeated every 3–5 minutes throughout resuscitation.

  3. A 60-year-old male presents with sudden onset severe headache described as 'the worst headache of my life.' Neurological exam is normal. CT head is negative. What is the next most important step?

    Answer: Lumbar puncture

    A 'thunderclap' headache with normal CT requires lumbar puncture to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). CT misses ~2–5% of SAH (especially early presentations). LP looks for xanthochromia (yellow discoloration of CSF), which indicates prior bleeding.

  4. In the ED, a patient presents with anaphylaxis with urticaria, angioedema, and bronchospasm after a bee sting. What is the first-line treatment?

    Answer: IM epinephrine 0.3–0.5mg (1:1000) in the outer thigh

    IM epinephrine (0.3–0.5mg of 1:1000 concentration) in the anterolateral thigh is the first-line and most critical treatment for anaphylaxis. It reverses bronchospasm, hypotension, and angioedema. All other treatments are adjuncts.

  5. A patient presents with heat stroke: core temperature 41.5°C, confusion, and hot dry skin after outdoor work in Dubai summer. What is the most effective cooling method?

    Answer: Ice water immersion or aggressive evaporative cooling

    Classic heat stroke is a medical emergency requiring rapid core cooling. Ice water immersion achieves the fastest cooling rate (0.2°C/min). Evaporative cooling (wetting skin + fanning) is also effective. Target core temperature <39°C within 30 minutes. Antipyretics are ineffective as heat stroke is not fever — it is thermoregulatory failure.

  6. A trauma patient arrives in the ED with open fracture of the right femur, BP 85/50, HR 145, and active bleeding. In the initial management, what is the correct order of priorities per ATLS?

    Answer: Airway → Breathing → Circulation → Disability → Exposure

    ATLS follows the ABCDE primary survey: Airway (with cervical spine control), Breathing, Circulation (hemorrhage control), Disability (neuro), Exposure. Even with visible external bleeding, airway takes priority. Direct pressure on wounds can occur simultaneously with airway assessment.