Mixed Deck — All Dental Topics Flashcards

Which type of braces generally costs the most in the US?

Answer: Lingual braces

Lingual braces are custom-fabricated for each patient's tooth surface and require specialized skill to place, making them the most expensive option at $8,000–$13,000.

Which index is used to assess oral hygiene by scoring both debris and calculus on selected teeth?

Answer: OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index)

The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) combines a debris index and a calculus index on six selected surfaces.

Ceramic braces are more prone to which issue compared to metal braces?

Answer: Staining and discoloration

Ceramic brackets can stain from coffee, tea, and certain foods more easily than metal brackets, requiring extra care with diet.

What is the ALARA principle in dental radiography?

Answer: As Low As Reasonably Achievable

ALARA stands for As Low As Reasonably Achievable and is the guiding radiation safety principle requiring minimal exposure while obtaining diagnostically acceptable images.

What PPE is required for dental procedures that generate aerosols?

Answer: Gloves, mask (N95 for high-risk), eye protection, face shield, and protective gown

Aerosol-generating procedures require comprehensive PPE because aerosolized particles can contain blood, saliva, and potentially infectious microorganisms.

What is a key warning sign that braces being offered are fake?

Answer: An offer to fit them instantly with no dental exam

Instant fitting with no exam is a clear red flag of fake, unregulated braces.

What is a 'white spot lesion' and how does diet with braces contribute to it?

Answer: Permanent enamel demineralization caused by acid buildup around brackets

White spot lesions are areas of permanent enamel damage from acid-producing bacteria that thrive on sugary foods and accumulate around brackets.

What is the correct chain of response when a patient becomes unresponsive and stops breathing normally in the dental office?

Answer: Call 911, begin CPR, use AED if available

The American Heart Association's Basic Life Support sequence for unresponsive adults is: activate EMS (call 911), start high-quality CPR, and use an AED as soon as available.

A probing depth of 5 mm with bleeding on probing and 2 mm of recession indicates what clinical attachment loss?

Answer: 7 mm

Clinical attachment loss equals probing depth plus recession, so 5 mm + 2 mm = 7 mm.

What is 'root resorption' and why is it a concern during orthodontic treatment?

Answer: Shortening of tooth roots caused by orthodontic forces

Root resorption is the gradual shortening of tooth roots that can occur when excessive orthodontic force is applied, which in severe cases may affect tooth stability.

Fake braces are most often sold and worn for which reason?

Answer: As a cheap fashion accessory

Fake braces are typically marketed as a low-cost fashion or status trend, not as a medical device.

What is the typical age when dental insurance begins covering orthodontic treatment for children in the US?

Answer: Around age 6–7 when permanent teeth begin erupting

Most orthodontic coverage for children begins around age 6–7 when the first permanent teeth come in and early treatment may become an option.

Which braces use tooth-colored or clear brackets to blend with teeth?

Answer: Ceramic braces

Ceramic braces use brackets made from ceramic material that matches the color of natural teeth for a less noticeable appearance.

A patient notices their archwire has come out of a bracket. What is the best first step?

Answer: Call the orthodontist to schedule a same-day or next-day repair

A displaced archwire should be addressed promptly as it can cease applying the necessary force for tooth movement and may poke or injure soft tissue.

Can a Health Savings Account (HSA) be used to pay for braces?

Answer: Yes, braces are an eligible medical expense

The IRS recognizes orthodontic treatment as a qualified medical expense, making HSA funds fully eligible to cover braces costs.

What is the value of industry certifications?

Answer: They validate knowledge, demonstrate commitment to the profession, and may be required by employers or regulations

Certifications provide third-party validation of your knowledge and skills, showing employers and clients that you meet recognized professional standards.

Penicillin VK is the drug of choice for treating a dental abscess in a patient with no drug allergies. What is the typical adult dosage?

Answer: 250–500 mg every 6 hours

The standard adult dental dosage for Penicillin VK is 250–500 mg taken every 6 hours (four times daily) for 7–10 days for odontogenic infections.

What is the primary purpose of wearing a retainer after braces are removed?

Answer: To prevent teeth from shifting back toward their original positions

After braces, the surrounding bone and gum fibers are still adapting to the new tooth positions; retainers hold teeth in place while this stabilization occurs.

What is a safe temporary fix for a poking wire at home?

Answer: Use dental wax to cover the sharp end

Orthodontic wax can be rolled into a small ball and placed over the poking wire end to cushion the irritated tissue until you can see your orthodontist.

What is the function of cementum?

Answer: It covers the tooth root and helps anchor the tooth to the bone via the periodontal ligament

Cementum is a calcified tissue covering the tooth root that provides attachment for the periodontal ligament fibers connecting the tooth to the alveolar bone.