DDS Dental Pharmacology and Anesthesia 2

Question 1

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) produces analgesia and sedation primarily by:

Accepted Answer

GABA receptor potentiation and NMDA receptor antagonism

Answer

Direct opioid receptor agonism

Answer

Sodium channel blockade in the CNS

Answer

Dopamine reuptake inhibition

Question 2

A patient taking warfarin requires tooth extraction. Which INR threshold is generally accepted as safe for routine dental extractions without altering anticoagulation therapy?

Accepted Answer

INR ≤ 3.5

Answer

INR < 1.5

Answer

INR < 2.0

Answer

INR ≥ 4.0

Question 3

Which antibiotic is the first-line choice for prophylaxis against infective endocarditis before dental procedures in eligible patients?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin 2 g orally 30–60 minutes before the procedure

Answer

Clindamycin 600 mg orally 1 hour before the procedure

Answer

Azithromycin 500 mg orally the night before

Answer

Penicillin VK 500 mg orally twice daily for 5 days

Question 4

NSAIDs reduce dental pain primarily by inhibiting which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing prostaglandin E2 synthesis

Answer

Lipoxygenase (LOX)

Answer

Phospholipase A2

Answer

Thromboxane synthetase specifically

Question 5

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ/MRONJ) most commonly occurs after which dental procedure?

Accepted Answer

Tooth extraction (dentoalveolar surgery)

Answer

Routine scaling and root planing

Answer

Composite resin restoration

Answer

Orthodontic bracket placement

Question 6

Which benzodiazepine reversal agent should be available when administering IV conscious sedation in dentistry?

Accepted Answer

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

Answer

Naloxone (Narcan)

Answer

Physostigmine

Answer

Protamine sulfate