Statistical Concepts and Analysis Flashcards
7 cards from real Data Science practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Statistical Concepts and Analysis flashcards as text
A dataset of household incomes has a few extreme high values. Which measure of central tendency is LEAST affected by these outliers?
Answer: Median
The median is based on rank position, so extreme values do not pull it like they pull the mean.
A p-value of 0.03 in a test with significance level 0.05 means:
Answer: Reject the null hypothesis
When the p-value is below alpha, the result is statistically significant and the null hypothesis is rejected.
Which statement best describes the Central Limit Theorem?
Answer: The sampling distribution of the mean approaches normality as sample size grows
The CLT states the distribution of sample means tends toward normal regardless of the population shape as n increases.
A correlation coefficient of -0.85 between two variables indicates:
Answer: A strong negative linear relationship
Values near -1 indicate a strong inverse linear association.
What does a 95% confidence interval for a mean actually represent?
Answer: A range that would contain the true mean in 95% of repeated samples
The confidence level refers to the long-run proportion of such intervals capturing the true parameter.
Which type of error occurs when you reject a null hypothesis that is actually true?
Answer: Type I error
A Type I error is a false positive—rejecting a true null hypothesis.
A distribution with a long tail extending to the right is described as:
Answer: Right-skewed (positively skewed)
A tail pointing toward higher values indicates positive (right) skew, with mean greater than median.