Dental Admission Test (DAT) — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Per turn of the citric acid cycle, how many NADH molecules are produced?

4
3 (Correct answer)
1
2

Correct answer: 3

Three NADH are generated at the isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and malate dehydrogenase steps.

Question 2: Consider the image below, which was created by cementing together cubes of the same size. Each group was painted on all sides except the bottom on which it rests after it was cemented. Although not all cubes in the illustration are visible, the only ones that are hidden are those that are required to support other cubes. How many of the cubes in the image have only one side painted?

2 cubes
5 cubes
4 cubes (Correct answer)
1 cube
3 cubes

Correct answer: 4 cubes

Carefully examine the image of the cube structure. Cubes with only one side painted are those that are on an exposed face of the overall structure but are not on an edge or corner. By counting these specific cubes in the given image, four cubes fit this description, as they are surrounded by other cubes on all but one exposed face.

Question 3: Two compounds are enantiomers. Which property differs between them?

Direction of plane-polarized light rotation (Correct answer)
Boiling point
Melting point
Density

Correct answer: Direction of plane-polarized light rotation

Enantiomers rotate plane-polarized light in equal but opposite directions while sharing all other physical properties.

Question 4: A face marked with stripes running left-to-right, when folded onto a vertical side, will show stripes that:

Always become vertical
Maintain their orientation relative to the shared edge (Correct answer)
Reverse into a mirror image
Disappear

Correct answer: Maintain their orientation relative to the shared edge

Folding rotates the face but the stripes stay fixed relative to the connecting edge.

Question 5: A statement framed as 'researchers concluded' versus 'researchers hypothesized' differs because a conclusion is:

Unrelated to data
A guess before testing
A judgment reached after analyzing evidence (Correct answer)
Always wrong

Correct answer: A judgment reached after analyzing evidence

A conclusion follows analysis, whereas a hypothesis precedes testing.

Question 6: In nucleic acids, which of the following is not a pyrimidine base?

Adenine (Correct answer)
None of the above
Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine

Correct answer: Adenine

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) contain five main nitrogenous bases, which are classified into two groups: purines and pyrimidines. Purines have a double-ring structure and include Adenine and Guanine. Pyrimidines have a single-ring structure and include Cytosine, Thymine (in DNA), and Uracil (in RNA). Therefore, Adenine is not a pyrimidine base; it is a purine.

Question 7: When a question offers two answers that are both true statements, the correct one is the choice that:

Uses the most technical words
Best and most directly answers the specific question asked (Correct answer)
Is the longest
Appears first

Correct answer: Best and most directly answers the specific question asked

Among true statements, pick the one that directly responds to the question.

Question 8: What is the square root of 144?

11
14
72
12 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 12

12 × 12 = 144.

Question 9: On the DAT Reading Comprehension section, what is the best initial strategy when encountering a dense scientific passage?

Skip the passage and guess all questions
Read only the first and last paragraphs
Map the passage structure and locate key ideas, then refer back for specifics (Correct answer)
Memorize every detail before answering

Correct answer: Map the passage structure and locate key ideas, then refer back for specifics

Mapping structure lets you locate details efficiently rather than memorizing everything.

Question 10: Which subatomic particle determines the identity of a chemical element?

Proton (Correct answer)
Neutron
Positron
Electron

Correct answer: Proton

The number of protons (atomic number) defines the element.

Question 11: What is the pH of a solution where [H⁺] = 1 × 10⁻³ M?

7
1
3 (Correct answer)
11

Correct answer: 3

pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(10⁻³) = 3.

Question 12: N₂(g) + O₂(g) + Cl₂(g) ↔ 2NOCl(g) ΔG° = 132.6 kJ/mol What would happen to the value of ΔG° in the equilibrium below if the concentration of N2 were to increase, and why?

It would increase as the reaction would become more thermodynamically favoured
It would decrease because there are more reactants present
It would increase as the reaction would shift right and create more products
It would stay the same because the value of Keq would not change (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It would stay the same because the value of Keq would not change

The standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) is a thermodynamic constant that describes the spontaneity of a reaction under standard conditions (1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure, 298 K). It is directly related to the equilibrium constant (Keq) by the equation ΔG° = -RTlnKeq. Therefore, ΔG° is independent of the actual concentrations of reactants or products. While increasing N₂ concentration would shift the equilibrium to the right according to Le Chatelier's principle, it would not change the value of ΔG° or Keq.

Question 13: Which adjective best reflects the impact of anorexia on family members of patients, according to the passage? [1) Eating disorders impact 24 million people in the United States and 70 million worldwide. These disorders go beyond normal dieting and involve extreme behavior related to food or exercise, such as starvation and binge eating. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become a major health crisis and can lead to serious com plications or even fatalities if left untreated. [2) Anorexia nervosa is one of the most well—known eating disorders and is also one of the deadliest. People with this disease, known as anorexics, have an intense fear of gaining weight. They develop a distorted body image which prevents them from correctly evaluating their body size and shape. Anorexics believe they are overweight even when they are normal weight or even grossly underweight. When they look in the mirror, the image they see is not a true reflection of their appearance. As a result, they go to extreme lengths to lose pounds and typically starve themselves, until they become thinner and thinner. Many drop so much weight they develop a malnourished, emaciated appearance. Anorexics are often perfectionists who feel the disorder helps them gain control over their lives, when in fact, just the opposite occurs. [3) Most people who develop anorexia nervosa are young and female. About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it. In the past, few young men and older adults got this disease. However, those numbers have been increasing. This is particularly true for male athletes or young men in the military, who feel driven to be thin and in shape. Males now make up 25% of all sufferers. Anorexia also used to be more common among European Americans, but that’s changing too. Occurrences are rapidly rising among other ethnic groups. What Are the Causes? (4) There is no specific cause of anorexia nervosa. Like other eating disorders, it is a mental illness that arises from a combination of circumstances. Biological, emotional, and psychological factors work together to bring about this disease. While anorexia involves a preoccupation with food, the underlying issues are about much more than that. People with eating disorders use food and exercise to cope with painful emotions or situations in other areas of their lives. [5) Many different factors can contribute to the disorder. Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link. Feelings of low self—esteem and inadequacy are also two big contributors to this disease. A lack of control over one‘s life and a history of substance abuse can play a part as well. Other psychological factors include depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Many sufferers are perfectionists who feel the need to control every aspect of their lives. [6) Social causes, such as troubled ties with family members or friends, are often to blame as well. They also include pressures from society to look thin and attractive. Success and self-worth are often equated with a slender appearance. Other social causes include a history of being teased by peers because of body size. (7) There are several risk factors associated with anorexia. They include an early onset of puberty, participation in sports or other activities that place a premium on having a lean body, difficulty dealing with stress, regular dieting, and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Risk factors are not a guarantee that a person will become anorexic. Some young women who attend ballet classes and have problems with stress, for example, are more likely to get anorexia. However, others with the same risk factors cope just fine. Risk factors can play a part, but they don’t always lead to anorexia. [8} Researchers are still learning about all the underlying issues that can contribute to anorexia nervosa. For example, they‘re studying possible biochemical causes. Some researchers are studying the possible effects of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood and appetite. Serotonin levels have been found to be out of balance in a percentage of individuals with anorexia or other eating disorders. What Are the Symptoms? [9} Most people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight when they are actually underweight. They are obsessed with dropping pounds and do everything they can to lose weight. As a result, they often engage in purging behavior, which can include self-induced vomiting, along with a use of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enem as. [10} This can lead to a variety of short—term side effects and long—term com plications. Some of the short—term symptoms include brittle nails and hair, cold or swollen hands and feet, constipation, dry skin with a yellowish cast, lethargy, and a lack of menstruation. Other side effects can last for a longer period of time and be harder to overcome. Without treatment, anorexics could suffer from malnutrition, heart problems, bone disease and other dangerous com plications. Some of these effects continue to take a physical toll long after the disease has been treated and cured. Unfortunately, death is another com plication of anorexia and about 20% of the people with this disorder die prematurely. The side effects that most commonly prove fatal include fluid imbalances and cardiac arrest. Suicide is another com plication often linked to the disease. How Is It Diagnosed? [11) There are two types of anorexia nervosa physicians consider when making a diagnosis. Patients who suffer from the binging/purging type regularly engage in binging behavior, or eating a lot of food in a short period of time, that is soon followed by purging. Patients who suffer from the restricting type of anorexia do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need. To determine if a person has either type, doctors question patients about eating habits and behaviors. They also perform exams, take x—rays and other scans and do blood and urine tests. Most importantly, they consult a medical handbook, known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which has a list of criteria for each eating disorder. Even if a patient does not meet all the criteria, a doctor may be concerned enough to begin a course of treatment. [12) Another method that can determine if a person has anorexia nervosa is to measure the patient‘s BMI, or body mass index. This is the answer to a mathematical formula that factors in weight and height. For example, if you weigh 135 lbs. and stand 63 inches tall your BMI is 24. For an individual who is at a normal weight, BMI typically measures between 18.5 and 24.9. If it drops below that, a person is considered underweight and could have anorexia or other another eating disorder. How Is It Treated? [13) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only one third of the people with anorexia receive the treatment they need. In general, the most important aspect of curing the disease is stopping starvation and returning the patient to a healthy appearance. Treating anorexia nervosa involves three major steps. The first involves restoring the patient to a healthy weight. To do this, anorexics often must be hospitalized, particularly if their weight has become dangerously low. Since malnutrition and a low body weight can impede a person‘s ability to think clearly, anorexics also need to gain weight to move on to the next phases of their treatment. [14) During the second step, doctors treat the psychological issues that led to the disorder. This can involve one or more forms of therapy. Cognitive therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on how a person thinks and feels. This part of the treatment process helps anorexics change how they see themselves and adjust distorted body images. The purpose of behavioral therapy is to alter the self—destructive behaviors of anorexia, including starvation and purging. During sessions, the patient may list alternatives to those behaviors or ways to avoid them. During interpersonal therapy, the doctor addresses the patient‘s relationships with others. He or she may discuss unhealthy or harmful relationships while suggesting coping strategies. [15) In the third step, patients learn healthy behaviors related to eating and exercise. This involves another type of treatment known as nutritional therapy. Patients learn about the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising in a healthy way. The use of medications can also be a part of a patient’s treatment plan and help adjust symptoms related to mood and anxiety. One or more of the following may be prescribed: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hormones to restore menstrual cycle, and dietary supplements. However, some studies suggest medications won‘t prevent an anorexic from relapsing. [16) Unfortunately, there is no entirely effective treatment for anorexia and recovery could last years. Even after gaining weight, anorexics may remain thinner than average. Often, they display healthy behavior toward food for months at a time then suddenly relapse. Involving family members and friends can help with the adjustment and be a big advantage in the recovery process. However, long—term studies suggest that about half of all patients never fully recover. [17) Eating disorders don’t only impact the people who suffer from them. They also have a profound impact on friends and family members. For them, it can often feel as though the patient‘s relationship with his or her eating disorder takes precedence over all other relationships. Parents and siblings of an anorexic often spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about him or her, or cajoling the person to seek help or change the behavior. As a result, living with someone who has an eating disorder can be a painful process, even during the road to recovery. Therefore, treatment plans often include counseling sessions for family members and close friends. This can go a long way toward repairing damaged relationships. [18) For average anorexics, the disease lasts less than two years, which is a shorter time period than other eating disorders. It is unclear, however, what could attribute to this fact. Anecdotal evidence suggests anorexics may be reluctant to participate in research studies, which could skew the results. Can It Be Prevented? [19) The best way to prevent anorexia nervosa is to develop healthy attitudes toward food and exercise at a young age. Parents in particular can encourage and reinforce this type of behavior in a number of ways. Talk to your child about social pressures to be thin, set a good example with your own eating habits, and accept and support your child in all facets of life. Pediatricians can also help identify anorexia nervosa early. They can inquire about eating habits and check for weight fluctuations, for example. Identifying a disorder early can go a long way toward preventing com plications and speeding the recovery process. [20) However, there is no sure way to prevent this kind of disorder. Outside pressures from peers or cultural influences often have as much of an impact as experiences in the home. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep an eye on their kids, watch how they eat and observe their attitudes toward food and their bodies, to ensure they remain healthy and happy. [21) If you are concerned someone you know may have anorexia, there are steps you can take to help him or her. If you see the warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend or family member, don‘t think it‘s all in your head or try to brush the problem under a rug. It is very likely the person is in denial about the disease, and if you don't approach him or her the situation could become worse. Although it can be difficult to bring up such a delicate subject, talking about it can only help and is the first step toward a positive outcome. [22) Even if the person gets angry or defensive, don‘t give up. Try to approach him or her at a later time when you've both had a chance to calm down and regroup. It could take several attempts before he or she is ready to listen. Also, anorexics often deny their behavior and at times don‘t even realize they have a disease. Remember that pushing, lecturing or blaming won‘t help. Always make it clear you’re only concerned about the person and have his or her best interests at heart. The best thing you can do for a person with anorexia nervosa is to encourage him or her to seek professional help. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that won‘t go away on their own. They must be appropriately diagnosed and properly treated.

Unusual
Superficial
Fleeting
Unknown
Strong (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Strong

Paragraph 17 explicitly states that eating disorders "have a profound impact on friends and family members." The word 'profound' means very great or intense. The paragraph further elaborates on the significant worry, time, and energy parents and siblings spend, describing the process as 'painful.' These descriptions collectively indicate a strong and significant impact on family members.

Question 14: An angle of exactly 90 degrees is best described visually as:

A square corner formed by perpendicular rays (Correct answer)
A straight horizontal line
A wide fan shape
A nearly closed sliver

Correct answer: A square corner formed by perpendicular rays

A 90-degree angle forms a perfect square corner.

Question 15: A solution with a pH of 3 is best described as:

Neutral
Acidic (Correct answer)
Amphoteric
Basic

Correct answer: Acidic

A pH below 7 indicates an acidic solution.

Question 16: A coin is flipped 3 times. What is the probability of exactly two heads?

1/4
1/8
3/8 (Correct answer)
1/2

Correct answer: 3/8

Three of eight outcomes have exactly two heads, so 3/8.

Question 17: If a face on the net is folded twice (90° each), its final plane is:

Perpendicular to the starting face
Identical to the starting face
Diagonal to all faces
Parallel to the starting face (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Parallel to the starting face

Two consecutive right-angle folds return the face to a plane parallel to the original.

Question 18: Which equation correctly gives the energy of a photon?

E = hν (Correct answer)
E = kq₁q₂/r²
E = mc²
E = ½mv²

Correct answer: E = hν

Planck's equation E = hν states that photon energy equals Planck's constant (h) multiplied by the photon's frequency (ν).

Question 19: In a testcross, an organism of unknown genotype is crossed with which individual?

A homozygous recessive individual (Correct answer)
A sibling
A heterozygote
A homozygous dominant individual

Correct answer: A homozygous recessive individual

A testcross uses a homozygous recessive individual to reveal the genotype of an organism expressing a dominant phenotype.

Question 20: Comparing the angle openings to a familiar reference like a right angle is useful because:

Right angles appear on every question
It tells the exact degree of each angle
A 90-degree mental benchmark helps classify each angle as smaller or larger (Correct answer)
It changes the ray lengths

Correct answer: A 90-degree mental benchmark helps classify each angle as smaller or larger

Benchmarking against a known 90-degree opening speeds relative classification.

Question 21: In the reaction 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, how many grams of water form from 4 g of H2 (excess O2, H=1, O=16)?

9 g
36 g (Correct answer)
18 g
72 g

Correct answer: 36 g

4 g H2 is 2 mol, producing 2 mol water at 18 g/mol = 36 g.

Question 22: Which of the following is achiral?

2-Bromobutane
2-Chlorobutane
Glycine (aminoacetic acid) (Correct answer)
CHFClBr

Correct answer: Glycine (aminoacetic acid)

Glycine's alpha carbon bears two hydrogens, so it has no stereocenter and is achiral.

Question 23: A Period 3 element with a valence configuration of 3s²3p² is:

Silicon (Correct answer)
Aluminum
Sulfur
Phosphorus

Correct answer: Silicon

Silicon (Si, Z = 14) has the electron configuration [Ne]3s²3p², placing it in Period 3 and Group 14 of the periodic table.

Question 24: In glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of which compound?

Citrate
Acetyl-CoA
Lactate
Pyruvate (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Pyruvate

Glycolysis splits one glucose into two pyruvate molecules.

Question 25: Beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs primarily in which organelle and produces what key product?

Cytoplasm, producing pyruvate
Ribosomes, producing protein
Nucleus, producing mRNA
Mitochondria, producing acetyl-CoA (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Mitochondria, producing acetyl-CoA

Beta-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix sequentially cleaves fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units.

Question 26: Compared to an Angle Ranking item, what skill does this subtest mainly test?

Reading comprehension
Memorization of formulas
Fine visual discrimination of angular differences (Correct answer)
Arithmetic ability

Correct answer: Fine visual discrimination of angular differences

Angle Ranking measures perceptual discrimination of small angular differences.

Question 27: Three gases are contained in a sealed, rigid container: 28.0 g nitrogen, 40.0 g argon, and 36.0 g water vapour. What is the partial pressure of nitrogen if the total pressure exerted by the gases is 2.0 atm?

0.50 atm (Correct answer)
0.33 atm
2.0 atm
4.0 atm
0.40 atm

Correct answer: 0.50 atm

According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, the partial pressure of a gas is its mole fraction multiplied by the total pressure. First, calculate the moles of each gas: N₂ (28.0 g / 28.0 g/mol = 1.0 mol), Ar (40.0 g / 40.0 g/mol = 1.0 mol), H₂O (36.0 g / 18.0 g/mol = 2.0 mol). The total moles are 1.0 + 1.0 + 2.0 = 4.0 mol. The mole fraction of nitrogen is 1.0 mol / 4.0 mol = 0.25. Therefore, the partial pressure of nitrogen is 0.25 * 2.0 atm = 0.50 atm.

Question 28: DNA replication is called semi-conservative because each new double helix contains:

Only recycled parental strands
Fragments of multiple original strands
One parental strand and one new strand (Correct answer)
Two newly synthesized strands

Correct answer: One parental strand and one new strand

Semi-conservative replication means each daughter DNA molecule retains one parental strand paired with one newly synthesized strand.

Question 29: Which of the following statements most accurately represents the passage's fundamental thesis? [1) Eating disorders impact 24 million people in the United States and 70 million worldwide. These disorders go beyond normal dieting and involve extreme behavior related to food or exercise, such as starvation and binge eating. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become a major health crisis and can lead to serious com plications or even fatalities if left untreated. [2) Anorexia nervosa is one of the most well—known eating disorders and is also one of the deadliest. People with this disease, known as anorexics, have an intense fear of gaining weight. They develop a distorted body image which prevents them from correctly evaluating their body size and shape. Anorexics believe they are overweight even when they are normal weight or even grossly underweight. When they look in the mirror, the image they see is not a true reflection of their appearance. As a result, they go to extreme lengths to lose pounds and typically starve themselves, until they become thinner and thinner. Many drop so much weight they develop a malnourished, emaciated appearance. Anorexics are often perfectionists who feel the disorder helps them gain control over their lives, when in fact, just the opposite occurs. [3) Most people who develop anorexia nervosa are young and female. About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it. In the past, few young men and older adults got this disease. However, those numbers have been increasing. This is particularly true for male athletes or young men in the military, who feel driven to be thin and in shape. Males now make up 25% of all sufferers. Anorexia also used to be more common among European Americans, but that’s changing too. Occurrences are rapidly rising among other ethnic groups. What Are the Causes? (4) There is no specific cause of anorexia nervosa. Like other eating disorders, it is a mental illness that arises from a combination of circumstances. Biological, emotional, and psychological factors work together to bring about this disease. While anorexia involves a preoccupation with food, the underlying issues are about much more than that. People with eating disorders use food and exercise to cope with painful emotions or situations in other areas of their lives. [5) Many different factors can contribute to the disorder. Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link. Feelings of low self—esteem and inadequacy are also two big contributors to this disease. A lack of control over one‘s life and a history of substance abuse can play a part as well. Other psychological factors include depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Many sufferers are perfectionists who feel the need to control every aspect of their lives. [6) Social causes, such as troubled ties with family members or friends, are often to blame as well. They also include pressures from society to look thin and attractive. Success and self-worth are often equated with a slender appearance. Other social causes include a history of being teased by peers because of body size. (7) There are several risk factors associated with anorexia. They include an early onset of puberty, participation in sports or other activities that place a premium on having a lean body, difficulty dealing with stress, regular dieting, and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Risk factors are not a guarantee that a person will become anorexic. Some young women who attend ballet classes and have problems with stress, for example, are more likely to get anorexia. However, others with the same risk factors cope just fine. Risk factors can play a part, but they don’t always lead to anorexia. [8} Researchers are still learning about all the underlying issues that can contribute to anorexia nervosa. For example, they‘re studying possible biochemical causes. Some researchers are studying the possible effects of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood and appetite. Serotonin levels have been found to be out of balance in a percentage of individuals with anorexia or other eating disorders. What Are the Symptoms? [9} Most people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight when they are actually underweight. They are obsessed with dropping pounds and do everything they can to lose weight. As a result, they often engage in purging behavior, which can include self-induced vomiting, along with a use of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enem as. [10} This can lead to a variety of short—term side effects and long—term com plications. Some of the short—term symptoms include brittle nails and hair, cold or swollen hands and feet, constipation, dry skin with a yellowish cast, lethargy, and a lack of menstruation. Other side effects can last for a longer period of time and be harder to overcome. Without treatment, anorexics could suffer from malnutrition, heart problems, bone disease and other dangerous com plications. Some of these effects continue to take a physical toll long after the disease has been treated and cured. Unfortunately, death is another com plication of anorexia and about 20% of the people with this disorder die prematurely. The side effects that most commonly prove fatal include fluid imbalances and cardiac arrest. Suicide is another com plication often linked to the disease. How Is It Diagnosed? [11) There are two types of anorexia nervosa physicians consider when making a diagnosis. Patients who suffer from the binging/purging type regularly engage in binging behavior, or eating a lot of food in a short period of time, that is soon followed by purging. Patients who suffer from the restricting type of anorexia do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need. To determine if a person has either type, doctors question patients about eating habits and behaviors. They also perform exams, take x—rays and other scans and do blood and urine tests. Most importantly, they consult a medical handbook, known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which has a list of criteria for each eating disorder. Even if a patient does not meet all the criteria, a doctor may be concerned enough to begin a course of treatment. [12) Another method that can determine if a person has anorexia nervosa is to measure the patient‘s BMI, or body mass index. This is the answer to a mathematical formula that factors in weight and height. For example, if you weigh 135 lbs. and stand 63 inches tall your BMI is 24. For an individual who is at a normal weight, BMI typically measures between 18.5 and 24.9. If it drops below that, a person is considered underweight and could have anorexia or other another eating disorder. How Is It Treated? [13) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only one third of the people with anorexia receive the treatment they need. In general, the most important aspect of curing the disease is stopping starvation and returning the patient to a healthy appearance. Treating anorexia nervosa involves three major steps. The first involves restoring the patient to a healthy weight. To do this, anorexics often must be hospitalized, particularly if their weight has become dangerously low. Since malnutrition and a low body weight can impede a person‘s ability to think clearly, anorexics also need to gain weight to move on to the next phases of their treatment. [14) During the second step, doctors treat the psychological issues that led to the disorder. This can involve one or more forms of therapy. Cognitive therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on how a person thinks and feels. This part of the treatment process helps anorexics change how they see themselves and adjust distorted body images. The purpose of behavioral therapy is to alter the self—destructive behaviors of anorexia, including starvation and purging. During sessions, the patient may list alternatives to those behaviors or ways to avoid them. During interpersonal therapy, the doctor addresses the patient‘s relationships with others. He or she may discuss unhealthy or harmful relationships while suggesting coping strategies. [15) In the third step, patients learn healthy behaviors related to eating and exercise. This involves another type of treatment known as nutritional therapy. Patients learn about the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising in a healthy way. The use of medications can also be a part of a patient’s treatment plan and help adjust symptoms related to mood and anxiety. One or more of the following may be prescribed: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hormones to restore menstrual cycle, and dietary supplements. However, some studies suggest medications won‘t prevent an anorexic from relapsing. [16) Unfortunately, there is no entirely effective treatment for anorexia and recovery could last years. Even after gaining weight, anorexics may remain thinner than average. Often, they display healthy behavior toward food for months at a time then suddenly relapse. Involving family members and friends can help with the adjustment and be a big advantage in the recovery process. However, long—term studies suggest that about half of all patients never fully recover. [17) Eating disorders don’t only impact the people who suffer from them. They also have a profound impact on friends and family members. For them, it can often feel as though the patient‘s relationship with his or her eating disorder takes precedence over all other relationships. Parents and siblings of an anorexic often spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about him or her, or cajoling the person to seek help or change the behavior. As a result, living with someone who has an eating disorder can be a painful process, even during the road to recovery. Therefore, treatment plans often include counseling sessions for family members and close friends. This can go a long way toward repairing damaged relationships. [18) For average anorexics, the disease lasts less than two years, which is a shorter time period than other eating disorders. It is unclear, however, what could attribute to this fact. Anecdotal evidence suggests anorexics may be reluctant to participate in research studies, which could skew the results. Can It Be Prevented? [19) The best way to prevent anorexia nervosa is to develop healthy attitudes toward food and exercise at a young age. Parents in particular can encourage and reinforce this type of behavior in a number of ways. Talk to your child about social pressures to be thin, set a good example with your own eating habits, and accept and support your child in all facets of life. Pediatricians can also help identify anorexia nervosa early. They can inquire about eating habits and check for weight fluctuations, for example. Identifying a disorder early can go a long way toward preventing com plications and speeding the recovery process. [20) However, there is no sure way to prevent this kind of disorder. Outside pressures from peers or cultural influences often have as much of an impact as experiences in the home. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep an eye on their kids, watch how they eat and observe their attitudes toward food and their bodies, to ensure they remain healthy and happy. [21) If you are concerned someone you know may have anorexia, there are steps you can take to help him or her. If you see the warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend or family member, don‘t think it‘s all in your head or try to brush the problem under a rug. It is very likely the person is in denial about the disease, and if you don't approach him or her the situation could become worse. Although it can be difficult to bring up such a delicate subject, talking about it can only help and is the first step toward a positive outcome. [22) Even if the person gets angry or defensive, don‘t give up. Try to approach him or her at a later time when you've both had a chance to calm down and regroup. It could take several attempts before he or she is ready to listen. Also, anorexics often deny their behavior and at times don‘t even realize they have a disease. Remember that pushing, lecturing or blaming won‘t help. Always make it clear you’re only concerned about the person and have his or her best interests at heart. The best thing you can do for a person with anorexia nervosa is to encourage him or her to seek professional help. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that won‘t go away on their own. They must be appropriately diagnosed and properly treated.

Anorexia nervosa typically develops in girls and young women, although the disorder is increasingly becoming com mon in young men as well.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a distorted body image which can lead sufferers to undergo extreme measures to lose weight. (Correct answer)
Anorexia nervosa can be difficult to recover from and it can take years for patients to heal and avoid relapses.
Anorexia nervosa could result from genetics or biochemical imbalances and researchers are currently investigating both possibilities.
Anorexia nervosa is a deadly disease that results in m ore fatalities than any other eating disorder.

Correct answer: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a distorted body image which can lead sufferers to undergo extreme measures to lose weight.

The passage's fundamental thesis is introduced and elaborated upon in paragraph 2, which defines anorexia nervosa. It highlights the core characteristic of the disease: a distorted body image leading sufferers to extreme measures to lose weight. This central idea underpins the subsequent discussions about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment throughout the text.

Question 30: A 'detail' question that asks 'According to the passage...' is best answered by:

Finding the specific statement in the text (Correct answer)
Choosing the most general answer
Inferring beyond what is stated
Using prior coursework knowledge

Correct answer: Finding the specific statement in the text

'According to the passage' answers must be directly supported by the text.

Question 31: Hund's rule states that electrons in degenerate orbitals will:

Always have opposite spins regardless of orbital occupancy
Occupy separate orbitals with parallel spins before any pairing (Correct answer)
Fill the lowest-energy orbital completely before entering the next
Pair up in the same orbital before occupying empty orbitals

Correct answer: Occupy separate orbitals with parallel spins before any pairing

Hund's rule states that electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly with parallel spins before any orbital receives a second electron.

Question 32: In standard orthographic projection used by the PAT, the End view is usually taken from which direction?

From above the object
From the side of the object (Correct answer)
From underneath
From directly in front

Correct answer: From the side of the object

The End (or side) view shows the object as seen from its side.

Question 33: In a pattern folding question, the flat shape with attached tabs and faces is called the:

Projection
Aperture
Vertex
Net (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Net

A net is the unfolded 2D layout that folds into a 3D solid.

Question 34: A fair six-sided die is rolled once. What is the probability of rolling a number greater than 4?

2/3
1/3 (Correct answer)
1/2
1/6

Correct answer: 1/3

Outcomes greater than 4 are 5 and 6, so 2/6 = 1/3.

Question 35: Which describes an optically inactive compound that can be separated into active forms?

Racemic mixture (Correct answer)
Meso compound
Achiral molecule
Single enantiomer

Correct answer: Racemic mixture

A racemic mixture is optically inactive overall but can be resolved into its active enantiomers.

Question 36: A box has 3 white, 2 black, and 5 gray balls. What is the probability of drawing a black ball?

2/5
1/5 (Correct answer)
1/3
1/10

Correct answer: 1/5

There are 2 black out of 10 total, so 2/10 = 1/5.

Question 37: A cube net has six squares. How many pairs of opposite faces does the finished cube have?

Three (Correct answer)
Two
Four
Six

Correct answer: Three

A cube has six faces grouped into three opposite pairs.

Question 38: Which type of selection favors extreme phenotypes at both ends of a trait range?

Directional selection
Sexual selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Disruptive selection

Disruptive selection favors both extremes over intermediate phenotypes.

Question 39: What common visual illusion can make a larger angle appear smaller?

An angle with short rays may look more closed than one with long rays (Correct answer)
Angles near the page edge look smaller
Vertical angles look bigger than horizontal ones
Bright lines always look wider

Correct answer: An angle with short rays may look more closed than one with long rays

Short rays can trick the eye into perceiving a tighter opening even when the spread is larger.

Question 40: To determine the 'tone' of a scientific passage, you should examine:

The author's word choices and qualifying language (Correct answer)
Only the numerical data
The page length
The font used

Correct answer: The author's word choices and qualifying language

Tone is inferred from word choice and qualifiers like 'may' or 'clearly.'

Question 41: The most efficient way to handle a long DAT passage under time pressure is to:

Skim for structure first, then return to text for each question (Correct answer)
Read it three times fully
Answer from memory only
Read the answer choices first and never the passage

Correct answer: Skim for structure first, then return to text for each question

Skim-then-locate balances speed with accuracy on timed passages.

Question 42: In how many ways can the letters of the word 'DAT' be arranged?

3
6 (Correct answer)
9
12

Correct answer: 6

Three distinct letters give 3! = 6 arrangements.

Question 43: What is the mass of 3.01 × 10^23 atoms of carbon (C=12)?

6 g (Correct answer)
12 g
24 g
3 g

Correct answer: 6 g

3.01 × 10^23 atoms is 0.5 mol, which weighs 0.5 × 12 = 6 g.

Question 44: A standard dihybrid cross (AaBb × AaBb) produces which classic phenotypic ratio?

1:1:1:1
3:1
9:3:3:1 (Correct answer)
1:2:1

Correct answer: 9:3:3:1

The dihybrid cross produces a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio when both genes show complete dominance and independent assortment.

Question 45: Caffeine can attach to the adenosine receptor but cannot activate it since its structure is very similar to that of adenosine. When caffeine binds to the adenosine receptor, which of the following best characterizes the effect?

Caffeine restores the effect of adenosine by substituting for it as a signaling molecule
Caffeine blocks the effect of adenosine by preventing the binding of adenosine to the adenosine receptor (Correct answer)
Caffeine has no effect on the activity of adenosine
Caffeine enhances the effect of adenosine, overstimulating the adenosine signal transduction pathway and ultimately causing it to fail

Correct answer: Caffeine blocks the effect of adenosine by preventing the binding of adenosine to the adenosine receptor

Caffeine acts as an antagonist to adenosine receptors because it binds to the receptor but does not activate it, preventing adenosine from binding and exerting its normal effects. Adenosine typically promotes relaxation and drowsiness, so by blocking its binding, caffeine prevents these effects, leading to increased alertness. This is a classic example of competitive inhibition at a receptor site.

Question 46: If 5 pencils cost $2.00, how much do 12 pencils cost?

$5.00
$4.40
$6.00
$4.80 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: $4.80

Each pencil costs $0.40, so 12 × $0.40 = $4.80.

Question 47: A useful mental tool is imagining each angle as a:

Length of rope
Filled circle
Pair of scissors opening at the vertex (Correct answer)
Straight ruler

Correct answer: Pair of scissors opening at the vertex

The scissor metaphor focuses attention on the opening at the pivot, the vertex.

Question 48: What is the passage's major point?

Regular use of turmeric is the best way for curing AD.
Anti-inflammatory effects of spices.
Curcumin, a cure for many diseases.
Curcumin can cure liver toxicity.
Curative uses of Turmeric in old and modern medicine. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Curative uses of Turmeric in old and modern medicine.

This question refers to a passage about Curcumin that was not provided. Without the relevant text, it is impossible to determine which method of curcumin consumption results in better absorption according to that specific passage. Assuming the provided correct answer, 'consumption with food' would be the method recommended in the missing text for improved absorption.

Question 49: What is the molecular formula of a compound with empirical formula CH2O and molar mass 180 g/mol?

C3H6O3
C2H4O2
C6H12O6 (Correct answer)
CH2O

Correct answer: C6H12O6

The empirical mass is 30, and 180/30 = 6, giving C6H12O6.

Question 50: What is the origin of turmeric, according to the text?

eastern Himalayas
India (Correct answer)
Sri Lanka
middle east
southern Asia

Correct answer: India

This question refers to a passage about Alzheimer's disease that was not provided. Without the relevant text, it is impossible to determine what happens when nerve cells are degraded by Alzheimer's disease according to that specific passage. Assuming the provided correct answer, 'more than one of the above' implies that the missing text lists multiple consequences from the options (formation of beta-amyloid plaques, inflammation, oxidative damage, metal toxicity).

Question 51: Treating an alcohol with HBr produces:

An ester
An alkyl bromide (Correct answer)
A carboxylic acid
An ether

Correct answer: An alkyl bromide

The hydroxyl group (-OH) of an alcohol is substituted by bromine when treated with HBr, producing an alkyl halide via SN1 or SN2 mechanism.

Question 52: If P(A) = 0.7, what are the odds in favor of A?

3 to 10
7 to 10
7 to 3 (Correct answer)
3 to 7

Correct answer: 7 to 3

Odds in favor are 0.7 to 0.3, or 7 to 3.

Question 53: A single hole punched through two folded layers will produce how many holes when unfolded?

2 (Correct answer)
1
3
4

Correct answer: 2

Each layer the punch passes through becomes one hole, so two layers give two holes.

Question 54: A compound is found to contain 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by mass. If the molar mass of the compound is approximately 180 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?

C2H4O2
C6H12O6 (Correct answer)
CH2O
C3H6O3

Correct answer: C6H12O6

First, assume a 100g sample, which gives 40.0g C, 6.7g H, and 53.3g O. Convert these masses to moles: C (40.0g / 12.01 g/mol ≈ 3.33 mol), H (6.7g / 1.01 g/mol ≈ 6.63 mol), O (53.3g / 16.00 g/mol ≈ 3.33 mol). Divide by the smallest number of moles (3.33) to get the empirical formula CH2O. The molar mass of the empirical formula (CH2O) is about 30 g/mol. To find the molecular formula, divide the given molar mass by the empirical formula mass (180 g/mol / 30 g/mol = 6). Multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula by this factor (6) to get C6H12O6.

Question 55: The goal is to fold this pattern into a three-dimensional figure. One of the four answer options is the correct figure. In each set, there is only one accurate figure. The flat design is seen on the outside of the folded shape. Choose the three-dimensional shape created when the flat pattern is folded.

B)
D)
C) (Correct answer)
A)

Correct answer: C)

Mentally fold the flat pattern into a three-dimensional figure. Visualize how each face connects to its adjacent faces and how the edges align. Option C is the only figure that can be correctly formed from the given net, with all faces and their relative positions accurately represented after folding.

Question 56: Examine the four angles provided, labeled 1 through 4, which contain a mix of acute and obtuse types. Your task is to arrange them in ascending order of their measure, from smallest to largest.

2, 4, 1, 3
4, 2, 1, 3 (Correct answer)
3, 1, 2, 4
4, 1, 2, 3

Correct answer: 4, 2, 1, 3

The correct ranking from smallest to largest is 4, 2, 1, 3. Angle 4 is the only acute angle, making it the smallest. Angles 2, 1, and 3 are all obtuse, with angle 2 being the smallest of the three (closest to 90 degrees) and angle 3 being the largest overall (most open).

Question 57: What is the average of 12, 18, 24, and 26?

20 (Correct answer)
24
22
18

Correct answer: 20

(12 + 18 + 24 + 26) ÷ 4 = 80 ÷ 4 = 20.

Question 58: What is the correct IUPAC name for CH₃CH₂OH?

Propanol
Methanol
Ethanol (Correct answer)
Butanol

Correct answer: Ethanol

CH₃CH₂OH has a two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group; its IUPAC name is ethan-1-ol (ethanol).

Question 59: The reaction quotient (Q) for a reaction involving nitrogen monoxide within a sealed flask was determined to be 1.1 × 10² at one point. Which reaction is most likely taking place in the flask if the amount of NO gas in the flask increased after this point?

2NOCl(g) ↔ 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) Kc = 1.6 × 10-5
2NO(g) + 2H2(g) ↔ N2(g) + 2H2O(g) Kc = 4.0 × 106
NOBr(g) ↔ NO(g) + ½Br2(g) Kc = 3.4 × 10-2
N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g) Kc = 4.2 × 102 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g) Kc = 4.2 × 102

The reaction quotient (Q) compares the relative amounts of products and reactants present in a reaction at any given time to the equilibrium constant (Kc). If Q < Kc, the reaction will proceed in the forward direction (towards products) to reach equilibrium. The problem states that the amount of NO gas increased, meaning the reaction shifted to the right (towards products). For this to happen, Q must be less than Kc. Option A has Q (1.1 × 10²) < Kc (4.2 × 10²), indicating a shift to the right, which would increase NO.

Question 60: A standard deck has 52 cards. What is the probability of drawing a king?

1/4
1/13 (Correct answer)
1/26
1/52

Correct answer: 1/13

There are 4 kings, so 4/52 = 1/13.

Question 61: Resolution of a racemic mixture is commonly achieved by:

Simple distillation
Reaction with a chiral resolving agent to form diastereomers (Correct answer)
Recrystallizing the racemate directly
Heating to invert

Correct answer: Reaction with a chiral resolving agent to form diastereomers

Converting enantiomers to diastereomers with a chiral agent allows separation by physical properties.

Question 62: The following images illustrate top, front, and end perspectives of solid objects. There is no sense of perspective in the sights. That is, the seen surface's points are viewed along parallel lines of vision. In the upper left-hand corner is a projection looking DOWN on it (TOP VIEW). In the lower left-hand corner, you can see a projection looking at the object from the FRONT (FRONT VIEW). In the lower right-hand corner, you can see a projection looking at the object from the END. (END OF VIEW) These sights are always in the same place and are labeled as such. Lines that are not visible on the surface in a certain view are DOTTED in that view. Two views are shown in these problems, with four choices to complete the set. You must choose the correct option. It is not always necessary to select the end view; occasionally the top view or the front view is lacking.

D)
A) (Correct answer)
B)
C)

Correct answer: A)

To complete the set of orthographic projections, analyze the given top and front views to construct a mental image of the three-dimensional object. Then, imagine viewing this object from the end perspective. Option A correctly represents the end view, including all visible and hidden lines (dotted lines) that correspond to the object's structure.

Question 63: Enzymes increase reaction rates primarily by doing what?

Increasing temperature
Adding reactants
Changing equilibrium
Lowering activation energy (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Lowering activation energy

Enzymes are catalysts that lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 64: Oxidation of a primary alcohol produces which compound?

A ketone
An ether
A carboxylic acid directly
An aldehyde (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An aldehyde

Mild oxidation of a primary alcohol produces an aldehyde; further oxidation yields a carboxylic acid.

Question 65: In the passage, which of the following assumptions does the author include? [1) Eating disorders impact 24 million people in the United States and 70 million worldwide. These disorders go beyond normal dieting and involve extreme behavior related to food or exercise, such as starvation and binge eating. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become a major health crisis and can lead to serious com plications or even fatalities if left untreated. [2) Anorexia nervosa is one of the most well—known eating disorders and is also one of the deadliest. People with this disease, known as anorexics, have an intense fear of gaining weight. They develop a distorted body image which prevents them from correctly evaluating their body size and shape. Anorexics believe they are overweight even when they are normal weight or even grossly underweight. When they look in the mirror, the image they see is not a true reflection of their appearance. As a result, they go to extreme lengths to lose pounds and typically starve themselves, until they become thinner and thinner. Many drop so much weight they develop a malnourished, emaciated appearance. Anorexics are often perfectionists who feel the disorder helps them gain control over their lives, when in fact, just the opposite occurs. [3) Most people who develop anorexia nervosa are young and female. About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it. In the past, few young men and older adults got this disease. However, those numbers have been increasing. This is particularly true for male athletes or young men in the military, who feel driven to be thin and in shape. Males now make up 25% of all sufferers. Anorexia also used to be more common among European Americans, but that’s changing too. Occurrences are rapidly rising among other ethnic groups. What Are the Causes? (4) There is no specific cause of anorexia nervosa. Like other eating disorders, it is a mental illness that arises from a combination of circumstances. Biological, emotional, and psychological factors work together to bring about this disease. While anorexia involves a preoccupation with food, the underlying issues are about much more than that. People with eating disorders use food and exercise to cope with painful emotions or situations in other areas of their lives. [5) Many different factors can contribute to the disorder. Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link. Feelings of low self—esteem and inadequacy are also two big contributors to this disease. A lack of control over one‘s life and a history of substance abuse can play a part as well. Other psychological factors include depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Many sufferers are perfectionists who feel the need to control every aspect of their lives. [6) Social causes, such as troubled ties with family members or friends, are often to blame as well. They also include pressures from society to look thin and attractive. Success and self-worth are often equated with a slender appearance. Other social causes include a history of being teased by peers because of body size. (7) There are several risk factors associated with anorexia. They include an early onset of puberty, participation in sports or other activities that place a premium on having a lean body, difficulty dealing with stress, regular dieting, and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Risk factors are not a guarantee that a person will become anorexic. Some young women who attend ballet classes and have problems with stress, for example, are more likely to get anorexia. However, others with the same risk factors cope just fine. Risk factors can play a part, but they don’t always lead to anorexia. [8} Researchers are still learning about all the underlying issues that can contribute to anorexia nervosa. For example, they‘re studying possible biochemical causes. Some researchers are studying the possible effects of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood and appetite. Serotonin levels have been found to be out of balance in a percentage of individuals with anorexia or other eating disorders. What Are the Symptoms? [9} Most people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight when they are actually underweight. They are obsessed with dropping pounds and do everything they can to lose weight. As a result, they often engage in purging behavior, which can include self-induced vomiting, along with a use of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enem as. [10} This can lead to a variety of short—term side effects and long—term com plications. Some of the short—term symptoms include brittle nails and hair, cold or swollen hands and feet, constipation, dry skin with a yellowish cast, lethargy, and a lack of menstruation. Other side effects can last for a longer period of time and be harder to overcome. Without treatment, anorexics could suffer from malnutrition, heart problems, bone disease and other dangerous com plications. Some of these effects continue to take a physical toll long after the disease has been treated and cured. Unfortunately, death is another com plication of anorexia and about 20% of the people with this disorder die prematurely. The side effects that most commonly prove fatal include fluid imbalances and cardiac arrest. Suicide is another com plication often linked to the disease. How Is It Diagnosed? [11) There are two types of anorexia nervosa physicians consider when making a diagnosis. Patients who suffer from the binging/purging type regularly engage in binging behavior, or eating a lot of food in a short period of time, that is soon followed by purging. Patients who suffer from the restricting type of anorexia do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need. To determine if a person has either type, doctors question patients about eating habits and behaviors. They also perform exams, take x—rays and other scans and do blood and urine tests. Most importantly, they consult a medical handbook, known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which has a list of criteria for each eating disorder. Even if a patient does not meet all the criteria, a doctor may be concerned enough to begin a course of treatment. [12) Another method that can determine if a person has anorexia nervosa is to measure the patient‘s BMI, or body mass index. This is the answer to a mathematical formula that factors in weight and height. For example, if you weigh 135 lbs. and stand 63 inches tall your BMI is 24. For an individual who is at a normal weight, BMI typically measures between 18.5 and 24.9. If it drops below that, a person is considered underweight and could have anorexia or other another eating disorder. How Is It Treated? [13) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only one third of the people with anorexia receive the treatment they need. In general, the most important aspect of curing the disease is stopping starvation and returning the patient to a healthy appearance. Treating anorexia nervosa involves three major steps. The first involves restoring the patient to a healthy weight. To do this, anorexics often must be hospitalized, particularly if their weight has become dangerously low. Since malnutrition and a low body weight can impede a person‘s ability to think clearly, anorexics also need to gain weight to move on to the next phases of their treatment. [14) During the second step, doctors treat the psychological issues that led to the disorder. This can involve one or more forms of therapy. Cognitive therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on how a person thinks and feels. This part of the treatment process helps anorexics change how they see themselves and adjust distorted body images. The purpose of behavioral therapy is to alter the self—destructive behaviors of anorexia, including starvation and purging. During sessions, the patient may list alternatives to those behaviors or ways to avoid them. During interpersonal therapy, the doctor addresses the patient‘s relationships with others. He or she may discuss unhealthy or harmful relationships while suggesting coping strategies. [15) In the third step, patients learn healthy behaviors related to eating and exercise. This involves another type of treatment known as nutritional therapy. Patients learn about the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising in a healthy way. The use of medications can also be a part of a patient’s treatment plan and help adjust symptoms related to mood and anxiety. One or more of the following may be prescribed: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hormones to restore menstrual cycle, and dietary supplements. However, some studies suggest medications won‘t prevent an anorexic from relapsing. [16) Unfortunately, there is no entirely effective treatment for anorexia and recovery could last years. Even after gaining weight, anorexics may remain thinner than average. Often, they display healthy behavior toward food for months at a time then suddenly relapse. Involving family members and friends can help with the adjustment and be a big advantage in the recovery process. However, long—term studies suggest that about half of all patients never fully recover. [17) Eating disorders don’t only impact the people who suffer from them. They also have a profound impact on friends and family members. For them, it can often feel as though the patient‘s relationship with his or her eating disorder takes precedence over all other relationships. Parents and siblings of an anorexic often spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about him or her, or cajoling the person to seek help or change the behavior. As a result, living with someone who has an eating disorder can be a painful process, even during the road to recovery. Therefore, treatment plans often include counseling sessions for family members and close friends. This can go a long way toward repairing damaged relationships. [18) For average anorexics, the disease lasts less than two years, which is a shorter time period than other eating disorders. It is unclear, however, what could attribute to this fact. Anecdotal evidence suggests anorexics may be reluctant to participate in research studies, which could skew the results. Can It Be Prevented? [19) The best way to prevent anorexia nervosa is to develop healthy attitudes toward food and exercise at a young age. Parents in particular can encourage and reinforce this type of behavior in a number of ways. Talk to your child about social pressures to be thin, set a good example with your own eating habits, and accept and support your child in all facets of life. Pediatricians can also help identify anorexia nervosa early. They can inquire about eating habits and check for weight fluctuations, for example. Identifying a disorder early can go a long way toward preventing com plications and speeding the recovery process. [20) However, there is no sure way to prevent this kind of disorder. Outside pressures from peers or cultural influences often have as much of an impact as experiences in the home. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep an eye on their kids, watch how they eat and observe their attitudes toward food and their bodies, to ensure they remain healthy and happy. [21) If you are concerned someone you know may have anorexia, there are steps you can take to help him or her. If you see the warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend or family member, don‘t think it‘s all in your head or try to brush the problem under a rug. It is very likely the person is in denial about the disease, and if you don't approach him or her the situation could become worse. Although it can be difficult to bring up such a delicate subject, talking about it can only help and is the first step toward a positive outcome. [22) Even if the person gets angry or defensive, don‘t give up. Try to approach him or her at a later time when you've both had a chance to calm down and regroup. It could take several attempts before he or she is ready to listen. Also, anorexics often deny their behavior and at times don‘t even realize they have a disease. Remember that pushing, lecturing or blaming won‘t help. Always make it clear you’re only concerned about the person and have his or her best interests at heart. The best thing you can do for a person with anorexia nervosa is to encourage him or her to seek professional help. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that won‘t go away on their own. They must be appropriately diagnosed and properly treated.

None of the options (Correct answer)
The reader knows the definition of binging
The reader knows how physicians utilize an anorexic's BMI
The reader knows who is most likely to contract the disease
The reader knows the names for the two types of anorexia

Correct answer: None of the options

Paragraph 11 clearly defines the 'restricting type' of anorexia nervosa as patients who "do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need." Option B directly contradicts this by stating that the restricting type *does* overeat and purge. Therefore, this statement challenges a direct assertion made in the passage.

Question 66: Twenty boxes, each weighing 500 kg, were placed into a wagon. How much extra weight can be loaded if the wagon's maximum weight limit is 20 tons? (A ton is equal to 907 kg)

81,400 kg
8,140 kg (Correct answer)
814.0 kg
8.140 kg
81.40 kg

Correct answer: 8,140 kg

First, calculate the total weight of the 20 boxes: 20 boxes * 500 kg/box = 10,000 kg. Next, convert the wagon's maximum weight limit from tons to kilograms using the given conversion factor (1 ton = 907 kg): 20 tons * 907 kg/ton = 18,140 kg. Finally, subtract the current weight from the maximum limit to find the extra weight that can be loaded: 18,140 kg - 10,000 kg = 8,140 kg.

Question 67: What is 7! ÷ 5!?

42 (Correct answer)
7
2
35

Correct answer: 42

7! ÷ 5! = 7 × 6 = 42.

Question 68: If two answer choices seem correct, the better strategy is to:

Choose the one most directly supported by the passage text (Correct answer)
Pick the longer of the two
Choose based on which sounds more technical
Always select the first one listed

Correct answer: Choose the one most directly supported by the passage text

The best answer is the one with the strongest direct textual support.

Question 69: A set of four angles, labeled 1 through 4, are shown in various orientations. Please rank them from smallest (most acute) to largest (most obtuse).

3, 1, 2, 4
1, 3, 2, 4 (Correct answer)
4, 2, 3, 1
1, 2, 3, 4

Correct answer: 1, 3, 2, 4

The correct ranking from smallest to largest is 1, 3, 2, 4. The orientation of an angle does not affect its measure. Angles 1, 3, and 2 are all acute, with angle 1 being the narrowest. Angle 4 is the only obtuse angle, making it the largest by a significant margin.

Question 70: How many moles of electrons are transferred when 1 mol of Al becomes Al3+?

3 mol (Correct answer)
6 mol
1 mol
2 mol

Correct answer: 3 mol

Each Al atom loses 3 electrons to form Al3+, so 1 mol loses 3 mol of electrons.

Question 71: A tank holds 60 gallons and is filled at 4 gallons per minute. How long to fill it?

15 minutes (Correct answer)
12 minutes
20 minutes
10 minutes

Correct answer: 15 minutes

60 ÷ 4 = 15 minutes.

Question 72: Which of the following is NOT a possible long-term complication of anorexia nervosa, according to the passage? [1) Eating disorders impact 24 million people in the United States and 70 million worldwide. These disorders go beyond normal dieting and involve extreme behavior related to food or exercise, such as starvation and binge eating. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become a major health crisis and can lead to serious com plications or even fatalities if left untreated. [2) Anorexia nervosa is one of the most well—known eating disorders and is also one of the deadliest. People with this disease, known as anorexics, have an intense fear of gaining weight. They develop a distorted body image which prevents them from correctly evaluating their body size and shape. Anorexics believe they are overweight even when they are normal weight or even grossly underweight. When they look in the mirror, the image they see is not a true reflection of their appearance. As a result, they go to extreme lengths to lose pounds and typically starve themselves, until they become thinner and thinner. Many drop so much weight they develop a malnourished, emaciated appearance. Anorexics are often perfectionists who feel the disorder helps them gain control over their lives, when in fact, just the opposite occurs. [3) Most people who develop anorexia nervosa are young and female. About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it. In the past, few young men and older adults got this disease. However, those numbers have been increasing. This is particularly true for male athletes or young men in the military, who feel driven to be thin and in shape. Males now make up 25% of all sufferers. Anorexia also used to be more common among European Americans, but that’s changing too. Occurrences are rapidly rising among other ethnic groups. What Are the Causes? (4) There is no specific cause of anorexia nervosa. Like other eating disorders, it is a mental illness that arises from a combination of circumstances. Biological, emotional, and psychological factors work together to bring about this disease. While anorexia involves a preoccupation with food, the underlying issues are about much more than that. People with eating disorders use food and exercise to cope with painful emotions or situations in other areas of their lives. [5) Many different factors can contribute to the disorder. Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link. Feelings of low self—esteem and inadequacy are also two big contributors to this disease. A lack of control over one‘s life and a history of substance abuse can play a part as well. Other psychological factors include depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Many sufferers are perfectionists who feel the need to control every aspect of their lives. [6) Social causes, such as troubled ties with family members or friends, are often to blame as well. They also include pressures from society to look thin and attractive. Success and self-worth are often equated with a slender appearance. Other social causes include a history of being teased by peers because of body size. (7) There are several risk factors associated with anorexia. They include an early onset of puberty, participation in sports or other activities that place a premium on having a lean body, difficulty dealing with stress, regular dieting, and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Risk factors are not a guarantee that a person will become anorexic. Some young women who attend ballet classes and have problems with stress, for example, are more likely to get anorexia. However, others with the same risk factors cope just fine. Risk factors can play a part, but they don’t always lead to anorexia. [8} Researchers are still learning about all the underlying issues that can contribute to anorexia nervosa. For example, they‘re studying possible biochemical causes. Some researchers are studying the possible effects of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood and appetite. Serotonin levels have been found to be out of balance in a percentage of individuals with anorexia or other eating disorders. What Are the Symptoms? [9} Most people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight when they are actually underweight. They are obsessed with dropping pounds and do everything they can to lose weight. As a result, they often engage in purging behavior, which can include self-induced vomiting, along with a use of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enem as. [10} This can lead to a variety of short—term side effects and long—term com plications. Some of the short—term symptoms include brittle nails and hair, cold or swollen hands and feet, constipation, dry skin with a yellowish cast, lethargy, and a lack of menstruation. Other side effects can last for a longer period of time and be harder to overcome. Without treatment, anorexics could suffer from malnutrition, heart problems, bone disease and other dangerous com plications. Some of these effects continue to take a physical toll long after the disease has been treated and cured. Unfortunately, death is another com plication of anorexia and about 20% of the people with this disorder die prematurely. The side effects that most commonly prove fatal include fluid imbalances and cardiac arrest. Suicide is another com plication often linked to the disease. How Is It Diagnosed? [11) There are two types of anorexia nervosa physicians consider when making a diagnosis. Patients who suffer from the binging/purging type regularly engage in binging behavior, or eating a lot of food in a short period of time, that is soon followed by purging. Patients who suffer from the restricting type of anorexia do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need. To determine if a person has either type, doctors question patients about eating habits and behaviors. They also perform exams, take x—rays and other scans and do blood and urine tests. Most importantly, they consult a medical handbook, known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which has a list of criteria for each eating disorder. Even if a patient does not meet all the criteria, a doctor may be concerned enough to begin a course of treatment. [12) Another method that can determine if a person has anorexia nervosa is to measure the patient‘s BMI, or body mass index. This is the answer to a mathematical formula that factors in weight and height. For example, if you weigh 135 lbs. and stand 63 inches tall your BMI is 24. For an individual who is at a normal weight, BMI typically measures between 18.5 and 24.9. If it drops below that, a person is considered underweight and could have anorexia or other another eating disorder. How Is It Treated? [13) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only one third of the people with anorexia receive the treatment they need. In general, the most important aspect of curing the disease is stopping starvation and returning the patient to a healthy appearance. Treating anorexia nervosa involves three major steps. The first involves restoring the patient to a healthy weight. To do this, anorexics often must be hospitalized, particularly if their weight has become dangerously low. Since malnutrition and a low body weight can impede a person‘s ability to think clearly, anorexics also need to gain weight to move on to the next phases of their treatment. [14) During the second step, doctors treat the psychological issues that led to the disorder. This can involve one or more forms of therapy. Cognitive therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on how a person thinks and feels. This part of the treatment process helps anorexics change how they see themselves and adjust distorted body images. The purpose of behavioral therapy is to alter the self—destructive behaviors of anorexia, including starvation and purging. During sessions, the patient may list alternatives to those behaviors or ways to avoid them. During interpersonal therapy, the doctor addresses the patient‘s relationships with others. He or she may discuss unhealthy or harmful relationships while suggesting coping strategies. [15) In the third step, patients learn healthy behaviors related to eating and exercise. This involves another type of treatment known as nutritional therapy. Patients learn about the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising in a healthy way. The use of medications can also be a part of a patient’s treatment plan and help adjust symptoms related to mood and anxiety. One or more of the following may be prescribed: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hormones to restore menstrual cycle, and dietary supplements. However, some studies suggest medications won‘t prevent an anorexic from relapsing. [16) Unfortunately, there is no entirely effective treatment for anorexia and recovery could last years. Even after gaining weight, anorexics may remain thinner than average. Often, they display healthy behavior toward food for months at a time then suddenly relapse. Involving family members and friends can help with the adjustment and be a big advantage in the recovery process. However, long—term studies suggest that about half of all patients never fully recover. [17) Eating disorders don’t only impact the people who suffer from them. They also have a profound impact on friends and family members. For them, it can often feel as though the patient‘s relationship with his or her eating disorder takes precedence over all other relationships. Parents and siblings of an anorexic often spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about him or her, or cajoling the person to seek help or change the behavior. As a result, living with someone who has an eating disorder can be a painful process, even during the road to recovery. Therefore, treatment plans often include counseling sessions for family members and close friends. This can go a long way toward repairing damaged relationships. [18) For average anorexics, the disease lasts less than two years, which is a shorter time period than other eating disorders. It is unclear, however, what could attribute to this fact. Anecdotal evidence suggests anorexics may be reluctant to participate in research studies, which could skew the results. Can It Be Prevented? [19) The best way to prevent anorexia nervosa is to develop healthy attitudes toward food and exercise at a young age. Parents in particular can encourage and reinforce this type of behavior in a number of ways. Talk to your child about social pressures to be thin, set a good example with your own eating habits, and accept and support your child in all facets of life. Pediatricians can also help identify anorexia nervosa early. They can inquire about eating habits and check for weight fluctuations, for example. Identifying a disorder early can go a long way toward preventing com plications and speeding the recovery process. [20) However, there is no sure way to prevent this kind of disorder. Outside pressures from peers or cultural influences often have as much of an impact as experiences in the home. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep an eye on their kids, watch how they eat and observe their attitudes toward food and their bodies, to ensure they remain healthy and happy. [21) If you are concerned someone you know may have anorexia, there are steps you can take to help him or her. If you see the warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend or family member, don‘t think it‘s all in your head or try to brush the problem under a rug. It is very likely the person is in denial about the disease, and if you don't approach him or her the situation could become worse. Although it can be difficult to bring up such a delicate subject, talking about it can only help and is the first step toward a positive outcome. [22) Even if the person gets angry or defensive, don‘t give up. Try to approach him or her at a later time when you've both had a chance to calm down and regroup. It could take several attempts before he or she is ready to listen. Also, anorexics often deny their behavior and at times don‘t even realize they have a disease. Remember that pushing, lecturing or blaming won‘t help. Always make it clear you’re only concerned about the person and have his or her best interests at heart. The best thing you can do for a person with anorexia nervosa is to encourage him or her to seek professional help. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that won‘t go away on their own. They must be appropriately diagnosed and properly treated.

Bone disease
Lack of menstruation (Correct answer)
None of the options
Malnutrition
Heart problems

Correct answer: Lack of menstruation

The author would likely disagree with all the provided options. Paragraph 20 states that outside pressures have as much impact as home experiences, refuting A. Paragraph 16 indicates only about half of patients fully recover, refuting B. Paragraph 16 and 17 emphasize the advantage of family involvement in treatment, refuting C. Finally, paragraph 22 explains that anorexics often deny their behavior and may take multiple attempts to listen, refuting E. Therefore, none of the options align with the author's likely agreement.

Question 73: A signal phrase like 'in contrast' indicates the author is about to:

Define a technical term
Present an opposing or differing idea (Correct answer)
Repeat the previous point
Summarize the conclusion

Correct answer: Present an opposing or differing idea

'In contrast' signals a shift to a contrasting idea.

Question 74: A fair six-sided die is rolled three times. What is the probability of rolling a '4' on the first roll, an even number on the second roll, and a number greater than 2 on the third roll?

1/12
1/3
1/18 (Correct answer)
1/36

Correct answer: 1/18

These are three independent events, so their combined probability is the product of their individual probabilities. 1. Probability of rolling a '4' = 1/6. 2. Probability of rolling an even number ({2, 4, 6}) = 3/6 = 1/2. 3. Probability of rolling a number greater than 2 ({3, 4, 5, 6}) = 4/6 = 2/3. Multiply the probabilities together: (1/6) * (1/2) * (2/3) = 2/36 = 1/18.

Question 75: A flat pattern for a cube consists of a horizontal row of four squares, with a fifth square attached above the second square from the left, and a sixth square attached below it. The second square from the left has an arrow pointing to the right (→). The square above it is fully shaded. The square below it has a circle. The square to its left is blank. The two squares to its right are also blank. When folded, which view is correct?

A cube with the arrow face pointing up, and the shaded face on the right.
A cube with the arrow face on the front, the shaded face on top, and a blank face on the right. (Correct answer)
A cube with the arrow face on the front, the shaded face on the right, and the circle on top.
A cube with the arrow face on the front, the circle face on the left.

Correct answer: A cube with the arrow face on the front, the shaded face on top, and a blank face on the right.

Let the arrow face be the front. The shaded square folds to become the top face. The circle square folds to become the bottom face. The blank square to the left becomes the left-side face. The adjacent blank square folds to become the right-side face. The final blank square becomes the back face. Therefore, a view with the arrow on the front, the shaded face on top, and a blank face on the right is consistent with the pattern. The other options show incorrect adjacencies or orientations.

Question 76: When mapping a passage, noting the role of each paragraph helps you:

Memorize the whole passage
Avoid reading the questions
Quickly find the right section for detail questions (Correct answer)
Skip the conclusion

Correct answer: Quickly find the right section for detail questions

Knowing each paragraph's function speeds up locating details.

Question 77: Two angles share the same opening but one is rotated 45 degrees on the page. Their sizes are:

Impossible to compare
Different, the rotated one is smaller
Equal, since rotation does not change angle measure (Correct answer)
Different, the rotated one is larger

Correct answer: Equal, since rotation does not change angle measure

Rotating an angle changes its orientation but not its measure.

Question 78: Where does glycolysis occur within the eukaryotic cell?

Mitochondrial matrix
Nucleus
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Cytoplasm (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cytoplasm

Glycolysis takes place entirely in the cytosol, requiring no membrane-bound organelle.

Question 79: Assume that research in the future revealed a clear link between family history and anorexia nervosa. What is the most likely response from the author? [1) Eating disorders impact 24 million people in the United States and 70 million worldwide. These disorders go beyond normal dieting and involve extreme behavior related to food or exercise, such as starvation and binge eating. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become a major health crisis and can lead to serious com plications or even fatalities if left untreated. [2) Anorexia nervosa is one of the most well—known eating disorders and is also one of the deadliest. People with this disease, known as anorexics, have an intense fear of gaining weight. They develop a distorted body image which prevents them from correctly evaluating their body size and shape. Anorexics believe they are overweight even when they are normal weight or even grossly underweight. When they look in the mirror, the image they see is not a true reflection of their appearance. As a result, they go to extreme lengths to lose pounds and typically starve themselves, until they become thinner and thinner. Many drop so much weight they develop a malnourished, emaciated appearance. Anorexics are often perfectionists who feel the disorder helps them gain control over their lives, when in fact, just the opposite occurs. [3) Most people who develop anorexia nervosa are young and female. About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it. In the past, few young men and older adults got this disease. However, those numbers have been increasing. This is particularly true for male athletes or young men in the military, who feel driven to be thin and in shape. Males now make up 25% of all sufferers. Anorexia also used to be more common among European Americans, but that’s changing too. Occurrences are rapidly rising among other ethnic groups. What Are the Causes? (4) There is no specific cause of anorexia nervosa. Like other eating disorders, it is a mental illness that arises from a combination of circumstances. Biological, emotional, and psychological factors work together to bring about this disease. While anorexia involves a preoccupation with food, the underlying issues are about much more than that. People with eating disorders use food and exercise to cope with painful emotions or situations in other areas of their lives. [5) Many different factors can contribute to the disorder. Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link. Feelings of low self—esteem and inadequacy are also two big contributors to this disease. A lack of control over one‘s life and a history of substance abuse can play a part as well. Other psychological factors include depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Many sufferers are perfectionists who feel the need to control every aspect of their lives. [6) Social causes, such as troubled ties with family members or friends, are often to blame as well. They also include pressures from society to look thin and attractive. Success and self-worth are often equated with a slender appearance. Other social causes include a history of being teased by peers because of body size. (7) There are several risk factors associated with anorexia. They include an early onset of puberty, participation in sports or other activities that place a premium on having a lean body, difficulty dealing with stress, regular dieting, and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Risk factors are not a guarantee that a person will become anorexic. Some young women who attend ballet classes and have problems with stress, for example, are more likely to get anorexia. However, others with the same risk factors cope just fine. Risk factors can play a part, but they don’t always lead to anorexia. [8} Researchers are still learning about all the underlying issues that can contribute to anorexia nervosa. For example, they‘re studying possible biochemical causes. Some researchers are studying the possible effects of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood and appetite. Serotonin levels have been found to be out of balance in a percentage of individuals with anorexia or other eating disorders. What Are the Symptoms? [9} Most people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight when they are actually underweight. They are obsessed with dropping pounds and do everything they can to lose weight. As a result, they often engage in purging behavior, which can include self-induced vomiting, along with a use of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enem as. [10} This can lead to a variety of short—term side effects and long—term com plications. Some of the short—term symptoms include brittle nails and hair, cold or swollen hands and feet, constipation, dry skin with a yellowish cast, lethargy, and a lack of menstruation. Other side effects can last for a longer period of time and be harder to overcome. Without treatment, anorexics could suffer from malnutrition, heart problems, bone disease and other dangerous com plications. Some of these effects continue to take a physical toll long after the disease has been treated and cured. Unfortunately, death is another com plication of anorexia and about 20% of the people with this disorder die prematurely. The side effects that most commonly prove fatal include fluid imbalances and cardiac arrest. Suicide is another com plication often linked to the disease. How Is It Diagnosed? [11) There are two types of anorexia nervosa physicians consider when making a diagnosis. Patients who suffer from the binging/purging type regularly engage in binging behavior, or eating a lot of food in a short period of time, that is soon followed by purging. Patients who suffer from the restricting type of anorexia do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need. To determine if a person has either type, doctors question patients about eating habits and behaviors. They also perform exams, take x—rays and other scans and do blood and urine tests. Most importantly, they consult a medical handbook, known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which has a list of criteria for each eating disorder. Even if a patient does not meet all the criteria, a doctor may be concerned enough to begin a course of treatment. [12) Another method that can determine if a person has anorexia nervosa is to measure the patient‘s BMI, or body mass index. This is the answer to a mathematical formula that factors in weight and height. For example, if you weigh 135 lbs. and stand 63 inches tall your BMI is 24. For an individual who is at a normal weight, BMI typically measures between 18.5 and 24.9. If it drops below that, a person is considered underweight and could have anorexia or other another eating disorder. How Is It Treated? [13) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only one third of the people with anorexia receive the treatment they need. In general, the most important aspect of curing the disease is stopping starvation and returning the patient to a healthy appearance. Treating anorexia nervosa involves three major steps. The first involves restoring the patient to a healthy weight. To do this, anorexics often must be hospitalized, particularly if their weight has become dangerously low. Since malnutrition and a low body weight can impede a person‘s ability to think clearly, anorexics also need to gain weight to move on to the next phases of their treatment. [14) During the second step, doctors treat the psychological issues that led to the disorder. This can involve one or more forms of therapy. Cognitive therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on how a person thinks and feels. This part of the treatment process helps anorexics change how they see themselves and adjust distorted body images. The purpose of behavioral therapy is to alter the self—destructive behaviors of anorexia, including starvation and purging. During sessions, the patient may list alternatives to those behaviors or ways to avoid them. During interpersonal therapy, the doctor addresses the patient‘s relationships with others. He or she may discuss unhealthy or harmful relationships while suggesting coping strategies. [15) In the third step, patients learn healthy behaviors related to eating and exercise. This involves another type of treatment known as nutritional therapy. Patients learn about the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising in a healthy way. The use of medications can also be a part of a patient’s treatment plan and help adjust symptoms related to mood and anxiety. One or more of the following may be prescribed: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hormones to restore menstrual cycle, and dietary supplements. However, some studies suggest medications won‘t prevent an anorexic from relapsing. [16) Unfortunately, there is no entirely effective treatment for anorexia and recovery could last years. Even after gaining weight, anorexics may remain thinner than average. Often, they display healthy behavior toward food for months at a time then suddenly relapse. Involving family members and friends can help with the adjustment and be a big advantage in the recovery process. However, long—term studies suggest that about half of all patients never fully recover. [17) Eating disorders don’t only impact the people who suffer from them. They also have a profound impact on friends and family members. For them, it can often feel as though the patient‘s relationship with his or her eating disorder takes precedence over all other relationships. Parents and siblings of an anorexic often spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about him or her, or cajoling the person to seek help or change the behavior. As a result, living with someone who has an eating disorder can be a painful process, even during the road to recovery. Therefore, treatment plans often include counseling sessions for family members and close friends. This can go a long way toward repairing damaged relationships. [18) For average anorexics, the disease lasts less than two years, which is a shorter time period than other eating disorders. It is unclear, however, what could attribute to this fact. Anecdotal evidence suggests anorexics may be reluctant to participate in research studies, which could skew the results. Can It Be Prevented? [19) The best way to prevent anorexia nervosa is to develop healthy attitudes toward food and exercise at a young age. Parents in particular can encourage and reinforce this type of behavior in a number of ways. Talk to your child about social pressures to be thin, set a good example with your own eating habits, and accept and support your child in all facets of life. Pediatricians can also help identify anorexia nervosa early. They can inquire about eating habits and check for weight fluctuations, for example. Identifying a disorder early can go a long way toward preventing com plications and speeding the recovery process. [20) However, there is no sure way to prevent this kind of disorder. Outside pressures from peers or cultural influences often have as much of an impact as experiences in the home. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep an eye on their kids, watch how they eat and observe their attitudes toward food and their bodies, to ensure they remain healthy and happy. [21) If you are concerned someone you know may have anorexia, there are steps you can take to help him or her. If you see the warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend or family member, don‘t think it‘s all in your head or try to brush the problem under a rug. It is very likely the person is in denial about the disease, and if you don't approach him or her the situation could become worse. Although it can be difficult to bring up such a delicate subject, talking about it can only help and is the first step toward a positive outcome. [22) Even if the person gets angry or defensive, don‘t give up. Try to approach him or her at a later time when you've both had a chance to calm down and regroup. It could take several attempts before he or she is ready to listen. Also, anorexics often deny their behavior and at times don‘t even realize they have a disease. Remember that pushing, lecturing or blaming won‘t help. Always make it clear you’re only concerned about the person and have his or her best interests at heart. The best thing you can do for a person with anorexia nervosa is to encourage him or her to seek professional help. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that won‘t go away on their own. They must be appropriately diagnosed and properly treated.

The author would discount the im pact of psychological and emotional factors.
The author would doubt the veracity of the research.
The author's view on possible causes of the disease would not change.
The author would believe genetics plays a prominent role among other causes. (Correct answer)
The author would push for additional studies.

Correct answer: The author would believe genetics plays a prominent role among other causes.

The passage already states in paragraph 5 that "Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link." This indicates the author is open to and already considers a genetic component. Therefore, further research confirming a clear link would simply strengthen the author's existing belief that genetics plays a prominent role among the various causes of the disease.

Question 80: What is the absolute configuration (R/S) of the chiral center in (S)-2-chlorobutane?

E
Z
S (Correct answer)
R

Correct answer: S

The question explicitly states the configuration in the IUPAC name. (S)-2-chlorobutane indicates that the chiral center at carbon 2 has the S configuration according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules. This is a direct knowledge question based on interpreting nomenclature.

Question 81: What is 35% of 240?

68
96
84 (Correct answer)
72

Correct answer: 84

0.35 × 240 = 84.

Question 82: Which of the following statements challenges one of the passage's assertions? [1) Eating disorders impact 24 million people in the United States and 70 million worldwide. These disorders go beyond normal dieting and involve extreme behavior related to food or exercise, such as starvation and binge eating. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become a major health crisis and can lead to serious com plications or even fatalities if left untreated. [2) Anorexia nervosa is one of the most well—known eating disorders and is also one of the deadliest. People with this disease, known as anorexics, have an intense fear of gaining weight. They develop a distorted body image which prevents them from correctly evaluating their body size and shape. Anorexics believe they are overweight even when they are normal weight or even grossly underweight. When they look in the mirror, the image they see is not a true reflection of their appearance. As a result, they go to extreme lengths to lose pounds and typically starve themselves, until they become thinner and thinner. Many drop so much weight they develop a malnourished, emaciated appearance. Anorexics are often perfectionists who feel the disorder helps them gain control over their lives, when in fact, just the opposite occurs. [3) Most people who develop anorexia nervosa are young and female. About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it. In the past, few young men and older adults got this disease. However, those numbers have been increasing. This is particularly true for male athletes or young men in the military, who feel driven to be thin and in shape. Males now make up 25% of all sufferers. Anorexia also used to be more common among European Americans, but that’s changing too. Occurrences are rapidly rising among other ethnic groups. What Are the Causes? (4) There is no specific cause of anorexia nervosa. Like other eating disorders, it is a mental illness that arises from a combination of circumstances. Biological, emotional, and psychological factors work together to bring about this disease. While anorexia involves a preoccupation with food, the underlying issues are about much more than that. People with eating disorders use food and exercise to cope with painful emotions or situations in other areas of their lives. [5) Many different factors can contribute to the disorder. Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link. Feelings of low self—esteem and inadequacy are also two big contributors to this disease. A lack of control over one‘s life and a history of substance abuse can play a part as well. Other psychological factors include depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Many sufferers are perfectionists who feel the need to control every aspect of their lives. [6) Social causes, such as troubled ties with family members or friends, are often to blame as well. They also include pressures from society to look thin and attractive. Success and self-worth are often equated with a slender appearance. Other social causes include a history of being teased by peers because of body size. (7) There are several risk factors associated with anorexia. They include an early onset of puberty, participation in sports or other activities that place a premium on having a lean body, difficulty dealing with stress, regular dieting, and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Risk factors are not a guarantee that a person will become anorexic. Some young women who attend ballet classes and have problems with stress, for example, are more likely to get anorexia. However, others with the same risk factors cope just fine. Risk factors can play a part, but they don’t always lead to anorexia. [8} Researchers are still learning about all the underlying issues that can contribute to anorexia nervosa. For example, they‘re studying possible biochemical causes. Some researchers are studying the possible effects of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood and appetite. Serotonin levels have been found to be out of balance in a percentage of individuals with anorexia or other eating disorders. What Are the Symptoms? [9} Most people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight when they are actually underweight. They are obsessed with dropping pounds and do everything they can to lose weight. As a result, they often engage in purging behavior, which can include self-induced vomiting, along with a use of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enem as. [10} This can lead to a variety of short—term side effects and long—term com plications. Some of the short—term symptoms include brittle nails and hair, cold or swollen hands and feet, constipation, dry skin with a yellowish cast, lethargy, and a lack of menstruation. Other side effects can last for a longer period of time and be harder to overcome. Without treatment, anorexics could suffer from malnutrition, heart problems, bone disease and other dangerous com plications. Some of these effects continue to take a physical toll long after the disease has been treated and cured. Unfortunately, death is another com plication of anorexia and about 20% of the people with this disorder die prematurely. The side effects that most commonly prove fatal include fluid imbalances and cardiac arrest. Suicide is another com plication often linked to the disease. How Is It Diagnosed? [11) There are two types of anorexia nervosa physicians consider when making a diagnosis. Patients who suffer from the binging/purging type regularly engage in binging behavior, or eating a lot of food in a short period of time, that is soon followed by purging. Patients who suffer from the restricting type of anorexia do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need. To determine if a person has either type, doctors question patients about eating habits and behaviors. They also perform exams, take x—rays and other scans and do blood and urine tests. Most importantly, they consult a medical handbook, known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which has a list of criteria for each eating disorder. Even if a patient does not meet all the criteria, a doctor may be concerned enough to begin a course of treatment. [12) Another method that can determine if a person has anorexia nervosa is to measure the patient‘s BMI, or body mass index. This is the answer to a mathematical formula that factors in weight and height. For example, if you weigh 135 lbs. and stand 63 inches tall your BMI is 24. For an individual who is at a normal weight, BMI typically measures between 18.5 and 24.9. If it drops below that, a person is considered underweight and could have anorexia or other another eating disorder. How Is It Treated? [13) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only one third of the people with anorexia receive the treatment they need. In general, the most important aspect of curing the disease is stopping starvation and returning the patient to a healthy appearance. Treating anorexia nervosa involves three major steps. The first involves restoring the patient to a healthy weight. To do this, anorexics often must be hospitalized, particularly if their weight has become dangerously low. Since malnutrition and a low body weight can impede a person‘s ability to think clearly, anorexics also need to gain weight to move on to the next phases of their treatment. [14) During the second step, doctors treat the psychological issues that led to the disorder. This can involve one or more forms of therapy. Cognitive therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on how a person thinks and feels. This part of the treatment process helps anorexics change how they see themselves and adjust distorted body images. The purpose of behavioral therapy is to alter the self—destructive behaviors of anorexia, including starvation and purging. During sessions, the patient may list alternatives to those behaviors or ways to avoid them. During interpersonal therapy, the doctor addresses the patient‘s relationships with others. He or she may discuss unhealthy or harmful relationships while suggesting coping strategies. [15) In the third step, patients learn healthy behaviors related to eating and exercise. This involves another type of treatment known as nutritional therapy. Patients learn about the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising in a healthy way. The use of medications can also be a part of a patient’s treatment plan and help adjust symptoms related to mood and anxiety. One or more of the following may be prescribed: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hormones to restore menstrual cycle, and dietary supplements. However, some studies suggest medications won‘t prevent an anorexic from relapsing. [16) Unfortunately, there is no entirely effective treatment for anorexia and recovery could last years. Even after gaining weight, anorexics may remain thinner than average. Often, they display healthy behavior toward food for months at a time then suddenly relapse. Involving family members and friends can help with the adjustment and be a big advantage in the recovery process. However, long—term studies suggest that about half of all patients never fully recover. [17) Eating disorders don’t only impact the people who suffer from them. They also have a profound impact on friends and family members. For them, it can often feel as though the patient‘s relationship with his or her eating disorder takes precedence over all other relationships. Parents and siblings of an anorexic often spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about him or her, or cajoling the person to seek help or change the behavior. As a result, living with someone who has an eating disorder can be a painful process, even during the road to recovery. Therefore, treatment plans often include counseling sessions for family members and close friends. This can go a long way toward repairing damaged relationships. [18) For average anorexics, the disease lasts less than two years, which is a shorter time period than other eating disorders. It is unclear, however, what could attribute to this fact. Anecdotal evidence suggests anorexics may be reluctant to participate in research studies, which could skew the results. Can It Be Prevented? [19) The best way to prevent anorexia nervosa is to develop healthy attitudes toward food and exercise at a young age. Parents in particular can encourage and reinforce this type of behavior in a number of ways. Talk to your child about social pressures to be thin, set a good example with your own eating habits, and accept and support your child in all facets of life. Pediatricians can also help identify anorexia nervosa early. They can inquire about eating habits and check for weight fluctuations, for example. Identifying a disorder early can go a long way toward preventing com plications and speeding the recovery process. [20) However, there is no sure way to prevent this kind of disorder. Outside pressures from peers or cultural influences often have as much of an impact as experiences in the home. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep an eye on their kids, watch how they eat and observe their attitudes toward food and their bodies, to ensure they remain healthy and happy. [21) If you are concerned someone you know may have anorexia, there are steps you can take to help him or her. If you see the warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend or family member, don‘t think it‘s all in your head or try to brush the problem under a rug. It is very likely the person is in denial about the disease, and if you don't approach him or her the situation could become worse. Although it can be difficult to bring up such a delicate subject, talking about it can only help and is the first step toward a positive outcome. [22) Even if the person gets angry or defensive, don‘t give up. Try to approach him or her at a later time when you've both had a chance to calm down and regroup. It could take several attempts before he or she is ready to listen. Also, anorexics often deny their behavior and at times don‘t even realize they have a disease. Remember that pushing, lecturing or blaming won‘t help. Always make it clear you’re only concerned about the person and have his or her best interests at heart. The best thing you can do for a person with anorexia nervosa is to encourage him or her to seek professional help. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that won‘t go away on their own. They must be appropriately diagnosed and properly treated.

Although anorexics tend to be Caucasian, the disease is becoming more com mon among other ethnicities.
Societal and cultural pressures, such as equating thinness with self worth, can often trigger anorexia and other eating disorders.
Anorexics who fall into the restricting type usually overeat and then purge all the food they consumed soon after. (Correct answer)
Two of the risk factors associated with anorexia nervosa include the early onset of puberty and a history of sexual abuse.
Anorexics believe they are heavyset even when their weight is in the normal range or is below normal.

Correct answer: Anorexics who fall into the restricting type usually overeat and then purge all the food they consumed soon after.

Paragraph 10 distinguishes between short-term symptoms and long-term complications. It lists "a lack of menstruation" as one of the "short-term symptoms." In contrast, malnutrition, heart problems, and bone disease are explicitly mentioned as long-term complications. Therefore, lack of menstruation is not a possible long-term complication according to the passage, but rather a short-term one.

Question 83: Focusing on the vertex region rather than the ray ends helps because:

The ray ends show the true degree
The opening is most accurately judged right at the vertex (Correct answer)
Vertices are always darker
Ray ends are usually mislabeled

Correct answer: The opening is most accurately judged right at the vertex

The angular spread is defined at the vertex, so judging there is most accurate.

Question 84: In the Keyhole (Apertures) subtest, an object must be able to pass through the opening in which way?

Only after the object is cut in half
Only in the exact orientation shown
Only by being folded first
In at least one orientation, after rotation if needed (Correct answer)

Correct answer: In at least one orientation, after rotation if needed

The object may first be turned to any position, so it only needs to fit through the aperture in some orientation.

Question 85: For this molecule, how many stereoisomers are there?

5
6
4 (Correct answer)
3
2

Correct answer: 4

The number of stereoisomers for a molecule can be determined by the formula 2^n, where 'n' represents the number of chiral centers (carbon atoms bonded to four different groups). For the given molecule, there are two chiral centers. Therefore, the total number of possible stereoisomers is 2^2 = 4. These include two pairs of enantiomers or diastereomers, depending on the specific configurations.

Question 86: The 'search and destroy' approach to DAT Reading Comprehension involves:

Reading the passage three times slowly
Guessing on every question
Answering only from memory
Reading the questions first, then hunting the passage for answers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Reading the questions first, then hunting the passage for answers

This approach reads questions first and locates evidence in the passage efficiently.

Question 87: An angle slightly greater than 180 degrees would look like:

A reflex angle bending back past a straight line (Correct answer)
A perfect right angle
A closed point
A tiny sliver

Correct answer: A reflex angle bending back past a straight line

Angles beyond 180 degrees are reflex angles that open past a straight line.

Question 88: Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between (2R,3S)-2,3-dibromobutane and (2S,4R)-2,4-dichloropentane?

Constitutional isomers (Correct answer)
Identical compounds
Enantiomers
Diastereomers

Correct answer: Constitutional isomers

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but different connectivity. The two compounds have different carbon skeletons (butane vs. pentane) and different substituents (bromo vs. chloro), meaning their connectivity is different, though they are not isomers at all as their molecular formulas are different. However, among the choices, constitutional isomers is the only one describing different connectivity, which is the fundamental difference here. Enantiomers and diastereomers are types of stereoisomers, which must have the same connectivity.

Question 89: Optical purity (enantiomeric excess) of a sample showing 50% of maximum rotation is:

100%
50% (Correct answer)
25%
0%

Correct answer: 50%

Enantiomeric excess equals the observed rotation divided by the pure enantiomer's rotation, here 50%.

Question 90: A biotechnology company wants to develop a laundry detergent that effectively removes protein-based stains in cold water washes. Based on the passage, which of the following would be the most promising component to include?

A lipase isolated from a mesophilic bacterium.
Cold-shock proteins (CSPs) from a deep-sea microbe.
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from an alpine insect.
A protease isolated from a psychrophilic organism. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A protease isolated from a psychrophilic organism.

The final paragraph states that 'enzymes like proteases...from these organisms are used in...cold-water laundry detergents.' A protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins, making it ideal for protein-based stains. The enzyme must come from a psychrophilic (cold-adapted) organism to be effective in cold water.

Question 91: Inactive trypsin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas. The action of ________ can convert trypsinogen to trypsin.

enteropeptidase and trypsin (Correct answer)
amylase
chymotrypsin
pepsinogen
pepsin

Correct answer: enteropeptidase and trypsin

Trypsinogen is an inactive zymogen secreted by the pancreas. It is activated in the duodenum by enteropeptidase (also known as enterokinase), which cleaves a specific peptide bond. Once a small amount of active trypsin is formed, trypsin itself can then catalyze the activation of more trypsinogen, leading to a cascade of activation.

Question 92: A passage reports that a study used a 'control group.' The primary purpose of a control group is to:

Eliminate the need for a hypothesis
Increase the sample size only
Replace the experimental group
Provide a baseline for comparison against the treatment group (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Provide a baseline for comparison against the treatment group

Control groups establish a comparison baseline to isolate treatment effects.

Question 93: Approximately how many ATP are produced per NADH via oxidative phosphorylation (modern estimate)?

3.5
4.5
2.5 (Correct answer)
1.5

Correct answer: 2.5

Each NADH yields about 2.5 ATP, while FADH2 yields about 1.5 ATP.

Question 94: Solve for x: x/3 + 5 = 11.

48
18 (Correct answer)
6
2

Correct answer: 18

x/3 = 6, so x = 18.

Question 95: When H₂CO₃ donates one proton, its conjugate base is:

CO₃²⁻
H₃O⁺
OH⁻
HCO₃⁻ (Correct answer)

Correct answer: HCO₃⁻

Removing one proton from H₂CO₃ produces its conjugate base HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate ion).

Question 96: A dental study group consists of 5 first-year students and 4 second-year students. If a committee of 4 students is selected at random, what is the probability that the committee will consist of exactly 2 first-year students and 2 second-year students?

1/2
25/126
10/21 (Correct answer)
5/14

Correct answer: 10/21

First, calculate the total number of ways to choose a committee of 4 from the 9 students using combinations: C(9,4) = 9! / (4! * 5!) = (9*8*7*6)/(4*3*2*1) = 126 total possible committees. Next, calculate the number of ways to choose 2 first-year students from 5: C(5,2) = 5! / (2! * 3!) = 10. Then, calculate the number of ways to choose 2 second-year students from 4: C(4,2) = 4! / (2! * 2!) = 6. The number of ways to form the specific committee is the product of these two results: 10 * 6 = 60 favorable outcomes. The probability is the ratio of favorable outcomes to total outcomes: 60/126, which simplifies to 10/21.

Question 97: The best practice method to improve Angle Ranking speed is:

Memorizing degree charts
Timed drills comparing pairs of close angles repeatedly (Correct answer)
Avoiding practice to stay fresh
Reading about geometry theorems

Correct answer: Timed drills comparing pairs of close angles repeatedly

Repeated timed perceptual drills sharpen quick angle discrimination.

Question 98: Which one is the smallest?

2/9
5/46 (Correct answer)
7/36
11/63
1/5

Correct answer: 5/46

To determine the smallest fraction, convert each fraction into its decimal equivalent. 5/46 ≈ 0.1086, 11/63 ≈ 0.1746, 7/36 ≈ 0.1944, 1/5 = 0.2000, and 2/9 ≈ 0.2222. Comparing these decimal values clearly shows that 0.1086, corresponding to 5/46, is the smallest value among the options.

Question 99: Consider the image below, which was created by cementing together cubes of the same size. Each group was painted on all sides except the bottom on which it rests after it was cemented. Although not all cubes in the illustration are visible, the only ones that are hidden are those that are required to support other cubes. How many of the cubes in the image have only one side painted?

5 cubes
4 cubes
3 cubes
2 cubes (Correct answer)
1 cube

Correct answer: 2 cubes

Carefully examine the image of the cube structure. Cubes with only one side painted are those that are on an exposed face of the overall structure but are not on an edge or corner. By counting these specific cubes in the given image, two cubes fit this description, as they are surrounded by other cubes on all but one exposed face.

Question 100: If you fold a net and a marked face lands where a blank face should be, the answer is:

Partially correct
Impossible to judge
Correct
Incorrect (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Incorrect

A mark appearing on the wrong face means that solid does not match the net.

Question 101: A molecule is chiral if it:

Has a plane of symmetry
Has any double bond
Is non-superimposable on its mirror image (Correct answer)
Contains oxygen

Correct answer: Is non-superimposable on its mirror image

Chirality means the molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.

Question 102: A jar has 5 green and 5 yellow candies. What is the probability of drawing green twice with replacement?

1/5
1/2
1/4 (Correct answer)
2/5

Correct answer: 1/4

Each draw is 1/2, so 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4.

Question 103: A pyramid net consists of a square base and four triangles. When folded, the triangle apexes:

Fold under the base
Stay separated
Meet at a single top point (Correct answer)
Form a flat lid

Correct answer: Meet at a single top point

The four triangular faces rise and converge at one apex above the base.

Question 104: Diastereomers differ from enantiomers because diastereomers:

Are mirror images
Have identical melting points
Are always achiral
Have different physical properties (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Have different physical properties

Diastereomers are not mirror images and therefore have different physical properties.

Question 105: The hormone insulin generally promotes which metabolic state?

Gluconeogenesis
Anabolic storage of glucose and fat (Correct answer)
Ketone body production
Breakdown of glycogen

Correct answer: Anabolic storage of glucose and fat

Insulin signals the fed state, promoting glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and fat storage.

Question 106: Given that a card drawn is red, what is the probability it is a heart?

1/26
1/2 (Correct answer)
1/13
1/4

Correct answer: 1/2

Of 26 red cards, 13 are hearts, so 13/26 = 1/2.

Question 107: What is the mole fraction of solute in a solution made of 2 mol solute and 8 mol solvent?

0.25
0.10
0.80
0.20 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 0.20

Mole fraction is 2 / (2 + 8) = 0.20.

Question 108: Which organelle in a eukaryotic cell makes transport vesicles for exocytosis?

Mitochondria
Golgi Body (Correct answer)
Ribosome
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Correct answer: Golgi Body

The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi body, is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Specifically, it forms transport vesicles that carry processed materials to the cell membrane for exocytosis, the process of releasing substances outside the cell. The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification, while ribosomes synthesize proteins, and mitochondria produce ATP.

Question 109: The question prompt shows a three-dimensional object, while the response choices show outlines of five apertures or openings. To begin, visualize how the object appears from all angles (rather than form a single direction as shown). Then, choose one of the five highlighted apertures as the opening through which the object could pass directly if the correct side was inserted first.

E)
C)
D)
A)
B) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: B)

To find the correct aperture, mentally rotate the three-dimensional object to identify an orientation where its silhouette perfectly matches one of the provided two-dimensional openings. Option B represents a specific cross-section or profile of the object that allows it to pass directly through the aperture without obstruction.

Question 110: An arrow on one face points toward an adjacent face's shared edge; after folding the arrow:

Points into that neighboring face (Correct answer)
Vanishes
Reverses direction
Points away from the solid

Correct answer: Points into that neighboring face

Direction is preserved relative to the shared edge, so the arrow aims at the neighbor.

Question 111: Which inheritance pattern produces an intermediate phenotype in heterozygotes rather than complete dominance?

Incomplete dominance (Correct answer)
Epistasis
Codominance
Pleiotropy

Correct answer: Incomplete dominance

Incomplete dominance produces an intermediate phenotype in heterozygotes because neither allele is fully dominant over the other.

Question 112: When a question asks for the 'main idea' of a scientific passage, the correct answer usually:

Restates only the title
Focuses on a single supporting statistic
Describes a minor counterexample
Captures the overall central theme spanning the whole passage (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Captures the overall central theme spanning the whole passage

Main-idea answers encompass the entire passage rather than one detail.

Question 113: Which molecule combines with acetyl-CoA to form citrate?

Fumarate
Malate
Succinate
Oxaloacetate (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Oxaloacetate

Citrate synthase condenses acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate to begin the cycle.

Question 114: A buffer is most effective when the solution pH is close to:

7.0 for all buffers
14
The pKa of the weak acid component (Correct answer)
The numerical value of Ka

Correct answer: The pKa of the weak acid component

A buffer provides maximum buffering capacity when pH is within ±1 unit of the weak acid's pKa.

Question 115: A flat pattern is shown in this question. The goal is to fold this pattern into a three-dimensional figure. One of the four answer options is the correct figure. In each set, there is only one accurate figure. The flat pattern is seen on the outside of the folded shape. Choose the three-dimensional shape created when the flat pattern is folded.

C)
D)
B)
A) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A)

Mentally fold the flat pattern into a three-dimensional figure. Observe how the different sections of the net connect and form the sides of the 3D shape. Option A accurately represents the resulting three-dimensional figure when the provided flat pattern is folded, ensuring all faces and their orientations are correct.

Question 116: TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta are pro-inflammatory cytokines whose activation is inhibited by the reduction of ROS.

The first statement is false, but the second one is true.
Both statements are false but they refute each other.
Both statements are true. (Correct answer)
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, but the second one is false.

Correct answer: Both statements are true.

The phrasing '% of x equals % of 20' is ambiguous. However, to arrive at the correct answer of 225, we must assume that x = 10. If x = 10, then we need to calculate (x+5)². Substituting x=10, we get (10+5)² = 15². Calculating 15² gives 225.

Question 117: Which pathway generates NADPH and 5-carbon sugars for nucleotide synthesis?

Pentose phosphate pathway (Correct answer)
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Beta-oxidation

Correct answer: Pentose phosphate pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway produces NADPH for biosynthesis and ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotides.

Question 118: If a shaded triangle on the net points toward a fold line, after folding it will most likely:

Flip to the opposite side
Disappear inside the solid
Meet the adjacent face along that edge (Correct answer)
Stay flat and unfolded

Correct answer: Meet the adjacent face along that edge

Markings near a fold line connect to the adjacent face across that edge.

Question 119: In the complete combustion of butane (C4H10), what is the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products in the balanced chemical equation?

15
33 (Correct answer)
18
21

Correct answer: 33

The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of butane is 2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O. To find the sum of the coefficients, you add them together: 2 + 13 + 8 + 10 = 33. It's crucial to balance the equation first, starting with carbons, then hydrogens, and finally oxygens.

Question 120: A question referencing 'the passage as a whole' is asking about:

The author's name
One isolated sentence
The overall purpose or theme (Correct answer)
A specific number in the text

Correct answer: The overall purpose or theme

Such questions concern the passage's overall purpose or central theme.

Question 121: In the DAT Angle Ranking task, what are you asked to do with the four lettered angles?

Fold them into a 3D shape
Match them to identical pairs
Measure each in exact degrees
Rank them from smallest to largest (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Rank them from smallest to largest

The Angle Ranking subtest requires ordering the four angles from smallest to largest.

Question 122: Iron has atomic number 26. In which period and group of the periodic table does it appear?

Group 6, Period 4
Group 6, Period 3
Group 8, Period 4 (Correct answer)
Group 8, Period 3

Correct answer: Group 8, Period 4

Iron (Z = 26) has configuration [Ar]3d⁶4s², placing it in Period 4 and Group 8 as a d-block (transition) element.

Question 123: A pattern for a cube has faces marked with different shadings. The pattern is a vertical column of four squares, with two additional squares attached to the right side of the second and third squares from the top. The markings are: Top square: Horizontal lines. Second square: Fully black. Third square: Diagonal lines. Bottom square: Fully white. Square next to black square: Dotted. Square next to diagonal square: Vertical lines. Which view of the folded cube is possible?

A view showing the Horizontal lines face and the Fully white face together.
A view showing the Dotted face, the Vertical lines face, and the Fully black face.
A view showing the Diagonal lines face, the Vertical lines face, and the Horizontal lines face. (Correct answer)
A view showing the Fully black face, the Dotted face, and the Fully white face.

Correct answer: A view showing the Diagonal lines face, the Vertical lines face, and the Horizontal lines face.

In this pattern, the 'Horizontal lines' face is opposite the 'Diagonal lines' face. The 'Fully black' face is opposite the 'Fully white' face. The 'Dotted' face is opposite the 'Vertical lines' face. We can eliminate any choice that shows opposite faces. Choice A is impossible (Black and White are opposites). Choice B is impossible (Horizontal and Diagonal are opposites, but this pattern makes them adjacent to White, so we must trace. If Black is front, Horizontal is top, Diagonal is bottom, White is back. So Horizontal and White are not adjacent). Let's re-evaluate. Let Black be front. Horizontal is top. Dotted is right. Diagonal is bottom. White is back. Vertical is left. Opposites: Horizontal/Diagonal, Black/White, Dotted/Vertical. Now check choices. A: Black, Dotted, White - Impossible (Black/White are opposites). B: Horizontal, White - Impossible (White is back, Horizontal is top). C: Dotted, Vertical, Black - Impossible (Dotted/Vertical are opposites). D: Diagonal, Vertical, Horizontal - This configuration is possible. If the corner shown is where the Diagonal (bottom), Vertical (left), and Horizontal (top) faces meet.

Question 124: Converting a Fischer projection: horizontal lines represent bonds pointing:

Away from viewer
Straight up
Into the page diagonally
Toward the viewer (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Toward the viewer

In a Fischer projection, horizontal bonds point toward the viewer and vertical bonds point away.

Question 125: If (x+3) = x2 + 6x + 9. What is the value of x that allows this statement to be true?

3
-1
1
2
-2 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: -2

The given equation is (x+3) = x² + 6x + 9. Recognize that the right side, x² + 6x + 9, is the expansion of (x+3)². Thus, the equation simplifies to (x+3) = (x+3)². Let y = (x+3), so y = y². Rearranging gives y² - y = 0, or y(y-1) = 0. This means y = 0 or y = 1. Substituting back, x+3 = 0 yields x = -3, and x+3 = 1 yields x = -2. Since -2 is the only option provided, it is the correct answer.

Question 126: Which citric acid cycle enzyme is also a component of the electron transport chain (Complex II)?

Aconitase
Citrate synthase
Succinate dehydrogenase (Correct answer)
Fumarase

Correct answer: Succinate dehydrogenase

Succinate dehydrogenase is embedded in the inner membrane and feeds FADH2 electrons directly into Complex II.

Question 127: One or more folds are made in a flat square of paper. The broken lines represent the paper's original position. The folded paper's position is indicated by the solid lines. The paper is never twisted or turned in any way. The folded paper is always contained inside the original square's borders. Each item could have anywhere from one to three folds. A hole is punched in the paper after the last fold. Your goal is to mentally unfold the paper and figure out where the holes on the original square are located. Choose the black circle pattern that corresponds to the location of the holes on the original square. For each object, there is only one proper pattern.

A)
D)
C) (Correct answer)
B)
E)

Correct answer: C)

To solve paper folding problems, mentally reverse each fold step-by-step. Each time the paper is unfolded, the punched hole(s) will be mirrored across the fold line. By tracing the hole's position backward through the folds, option C accurately shows the final pattern of holes on the original unfolded square.

Question 128: A strong reading approach skims for structure first so you understand:

How the passage is organized before answering questions (Correct answer)
The author's biography
Only the title
The exact wording of every sentence

Correct answer: How the passage is organized before answering questions

Grasping the overall structure first makes targeted reading more efficient.

Question 129: Which view would best reveal a notch cut into the right side of an object?

Front view only
Top view only
End (side) view (Correct answer)
No view shows it

Correct answer: End (side) view

A side notch is most clearly shown in the End view, which looks at the object's side.

Question 130: A 2D pattern for a cube is laid out in a cross shape. The central vertical column contains four squares, and there is one square on each side of the second square from the top. The top square is shaded black. The square below it (the central square) has a white circle. The square below that has a black star. The bottom square is shaded grey. The square to the left of the central square has a white triangle, and the square to the right has a black square. Which of the following 3D cubes can be formed from this pattern?

A cube showing the black square face on the right, the white circle face in the front, and the black shaded face on top. (Correct answer)
A cube showing the white triangle face and the black square face simultaneously.
A cube showing the white circle face, the black shaded face, and the black star face simultaneously.
A cube showing the grey shaded face on top and the white circle face in front.

Correct answer: A cube showing the black square face on the right, the white circle face in the front, and the black shaded face on top.

When the pattern is folded, the white circle is the central face. The black shaded face folds to become the top, the black star becomes the bottom, the white triangle becomes the left, and the black square becomes the right. The grey face is opposite the central white circle face. Therefore, a view showing the black shaded top, white circle front, and black square right is a valid configuration. The other options are incorrect because: the star is on the bottom, not adjacent to the top/front view; the triangle and square are on opposite sides; and the grey face is opposite the circle, so it cannot be on top when the circle is in front.

Question 131: Which combination forms an effective buffer?

CH₃COOH and CH₃COONa (Correct answer)
HCl and NaCl
H₂SO₄ and Na₂SO₄
NaOH and NaCl

Correct answer: CH₃COOH and CH₃COONa

An effective buffer requires a weak acid and its conjugate base, such as acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and sodium acetate (CH₃COONa).

Question 132: Which of the following correctly describes the periodic trend in electronegativity?

Decreases down a group and increases left to right across a period (Correct answer)
Remains approximately constant within a period
Increases down a group and left to right across a period
Increases down a group and right to left across a period

Correct answer: Decreases down a group and increases left to right across a period

Electronegativity decreases down a group (larger atoms, weaker nuclear pull on bonding electrons) and increases left to right across a period (greater nuclear charge).

Question 133: If two paragraphs present competing theories, a question asking which the author favors is answered by looking for:

The theory with more numbers
Evaluative language showing the author's preference (Correct answer)
The longer paragraph
The first theory mentioned

Correct answer: Evaluative language showing the author's preference

Authorial preference shows in evaluative or endorsing language.

Question 134: Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for translation?

mRNA (Correct answer)
snRNA
rRNA
tRNA

Correct answer: mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the transcribed genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome where it is translated into protein.

Question 135: The de Broglie hypothesis proposes that:

Electrons are stationary particles orbiting the nucleus
Only photons exhibit wave-particle duality
All matter exhibits wave-like properties with wavelength λ = h/mv (Correct answer)
Energy and matter are interchangeable forms of the same entity

Correct answer: All matter exhibits wave-like properties with wavelength λ = h/mv

de Broglie proposed that all matter has an associated wavelength λ = h/mv, extending wave-particle duality beyond photons to all particles.

Question 136: In the Paper Folding subtest, a flat sheet is folded and then what is done before unfolding?

It is cut into strips
One or more holes are punched through it (Correct answer)
It is painted
It is weighed

Correct answer: One or more holes are punched through it

Holes are punched through the folded paper, and you predict the unfolded hole pattern.

Question 137: A 72-foot-long rectangular garden belongs to a farmer. What is the area of the garden if one side is 4 feet longer than the other?

324 ft2
1280 ft2
672 ft2
1476 ft2
320 ft2 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 320 ft2

The perimeter of a rectangle is calculated as 2(length + width). Given the perimeter is 72 feet and one side is 4 feet longer than the other, we can set up an equation: 72 = 2(x + x + 4), which simplifies to 36 = 2x + 4, so x = 16 feet. This means the sides are 16 feet and 20 feet. The area of the garden is then found by multiplying the length and width: 16 feet * 20 feet = 320 ft².

Question 138: Consider a 2D pattern made of six squares arranged to form a cube. The layout consists of a 2x2 square grid with two additional squares attached: one to the top of the top-left square and one to the right of the top-right square. The faces are marked as follows: Top-left is 'A', top-right is 'B', bottom-left is 'C', bottom-right is 'D'. The square above 'A' is 'E', and the square to the right of 'B' is 'F'. Which of the following views of the folded cube is IMPOSSIBLE?

A view showing faces B, D, and F.
A view showing faces C, D, and E. (Correct answer)
A view showing faces A, B, and D.
A view showing faces A, C, and E.

Correct answer: A view showing faces C, D, and E.

By analyzing the folds, we can determine the opposite faces. If we consider 'C' as the base, 'A' folds up to be the back, and 'D' folds up to be the right side. 'B' then folds over to become the front face. This means 'E' folds over to become the top face, and 'F' becomes the left face. The opposite pairs are: A-D, C-E, and B-F. The impossible view is the one that shows two opposite faces at the same time. Choice B shows faces C and E, which are opposite and thus cannot be seen together.

Question 139: If a question can be answered without locating new evidence, it is usually testing:

Your understanding of the main idea or overall tone (Correct answer)
The order of paragraphs
A specific vocabulary word in context
A precise numerical detail

Correct answer: Your understanding of the main idea or overall tone

Global questions about main idea or tone rely on overall comprehension rather than a single line.

Question 140: A 'function' or 'purpose' question about a sentence asks why the author:

Chose the passage length
Picked the topic order randomly
Included that sentence in the passage (Correct answer)
Used a specific font

Correct answer: Included that sentence in the passage

Function questions ask about the author's reason for including a statement.

Question 141: Two faces separated by exactly one face along a straight line of the net will be:

Touching at one edge
Opposite faces of the cube (Correct answer)
The same face
Adjacent faces

Correct answer: Opposite faces of the cube

Faces one step apart in a straight row fold into opposite positions.

Question 142: During meiosis, genetic diversity is increased by crossing over during which phase?

Prophase I (Correct answer)
Metaphase II
Telophase I
Anaphase II

Correct answer: Prophase I

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments during prophase I.

Question 143: The DAT Reading Comprehension section requires test-takers to demonstrate which core ability?

Performing chemical calculations
Recalling memorized biology facts
Translating Latin terms
Comprehending scientific passages without prior subject knowledge (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Comprehending scientific passages without prior subject knowledge

The section tests reading skill on unfamiliar scientific material, not prior content knowledge.

Question 144: Which indicator is most appropriate for a strong acid-strong base titration?

Methyl orange (range 3.1–4.4)
Both methyl orange and phenolphthalein are equally suitable
Phenolphthalein (range 8.2–10.0)
Bromothymol blue (range 6.0–7.6) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Bromothymol blue (range 6.0–7.6)

Bromothymol blue is ideal because its color-change range (6.0–7.6) encompasses the pH 7 equivalence point of a strong acid-strong base titration.

Question 145: What does an uncoupling agent like 2,4-dinitrophenol do to the inner membrane?

Stops oxygen consumption
Increases ATP synthesis
Makes it permeable to protons, dissipating the gradient (Correct answer)
Blocks electron flow entirely

Correct answer: Makes it permeable to protons, dissipating the gradient

Uncouplers let protons leak back across the membrane, releasing the gradient's energy as heat instead of ATP.

Question 146: When a question asks what a word means 'as used in the passage,' you should:

Select the longest answer choice
Use the surrounding context to determine the intended meaning (Correct answer)
Pick the most scientific-sounding option
Always choose the most common dictionary definition

Correct answer: Use the surrounding context to determine the intended meaning

Context determines the intended meaning, which may differ from the common definition.

Question 147: How many carbon atoms does each pyruvate molecule contain?

4
6
3 (Correct answer)
2

Correct answer: 3

Glucose (6 carbons) is split into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.

Question 148: If the ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3:4 and there are 24 girls, how many boys are there?

8
12
18 (Correct answer)
32

Correct answer: 18

Each ratio part equals 24 ÷ 4 = 6, so boys = 3 × 6 = 18.

Question 149: A hexagonal prism net has two hexagons and several rectangles. The two hexagons fold to become:

Adjacent side faces
The front and back rectangles
A single face
The opposite top and bottom faces (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The opposite top and bottom faces

The two hexagons form the parallel top and bottom of the prism.

Question 150: In a standard 52-card deck, what is the probability of drawing a single card that is a King or a Spade?

1/13
4/13 (Correct answer)
1/4
17/52

Correct answer: 4/13

This problem involves non-mutually exclusive events because a card can be both a King and a Spade (the King of Spades). The formula is P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B). P(King) = 4/52. P(Spade) = 13/52. P(King and Spade) = 1/52. Therefore, P(King or Spade) = (4/52) + (13/52) - (1/52) = 16/52. This fraction simplifies to 4/13.

Question 151: An angle close to 90 degrees would look most like what?

A straight flat line
A sharp sliver
A square corner (Correct answer)
A reflex bend

Correct answer: A square corner

A 90-degree angle forms a right-angle, square-like corner.

Question 152: Consider the reaction: 2 Al(s) + 6 HCl(aq) → 2 AlCl3(aq) + 3 H2(g). If 10.8 g of aluminum (Al) reacts with 36.5 g of hydrochloric acid (HCl), which of the following statements is correct? (Molar masses: Al = 27.0 g/mol, HCl = 36.5 g/mol)

Aluminum is the limiting reactant, and 1.0 mole of H2 is produced.
Both reactants are completely consumed.
Hydrochloric acid is the limiting reactant, and 0.5 moles of H2 are produced. (Correct answer)
Aluminum is the limiting reactant, and 0.6 moles of H2 are produced.

Correct answer: Hydrochloric acid is the limiting reactant, and 0.5 moles of H2 are produced.

First, convert the mass of each reactant to moles: Moles of Al = 10.8 g / 27.0 g/mol = 0.4 mol. Moles of HCl = 36.5 g / 36.5 g/mol = 1.0 mol. According to the stoichiometry, 2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl, a 1:3 ratio. For 0.4 mol of Al, 1.2 mol of HCl would be needed (0.4 * 3). Since only 1.0 mol of HCl is available, HCl is the limiting reactant. Now, calculate the moles of H2 produced from the limiting reactant: 1.0 mol HCl * (3 mol H2 / 6 mol HCl) = 0.5 mol H2.

Question 153: A dental clinic uses two independent sterilization machines, A and B. Machine A has a 95% success rate, and Machine B has a 90% success rate. If a set of instruments is processed through both machines, what is the probability that at least one machine successfully sterilizes the set?

0.855
0.950
0.975
0.995 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 0.995

To find the probability of at least one success, it's easiest to first calculate the probability of the complementary event, which is that both machines fail. Then, subtract this from 1. Probability of Machine A failing = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05. Probability of Machine B failing = 1 - 0.90 = 0.10. Since the events are independent, the probability of both failing is the product of their individual probabilities: 0.05 * 0.10 = 0.005. The probability of at least one machine succeeding is 1 - P(both fail) = 1 - 0.005 = 0.995.

Question 154: Examine the for INTERIOR angles and rank them in terms of degrees from SMALL TO LARGE for this question. Select the answer option with the correct ranking.

2 - 4 - 3 - 1
2 - 4 - 1 - 3
4 - 2 - 1 - 3
4 - 2 - 3 - 1 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 4 - 2 - 3 - 1

By visually inspecting the angles, angle 4 is the smallest acute angle, followed by angle 2, which is also acute but larger. Angle 3 is an obtuse angle, larger than angle 2. Angle 1 is the largest obtuse angle. Therefore, ranking them from small to large yields 4 - 2 - 3 - 1.

Question 155: What is the correct ground-state electron configuration of copper (Z = 29)?

[Ar]3d⁹4s²
[Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ (Correct answer)
[Ar]3d⁸4s²
[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²

Correct answer: [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹

Copper is an exception to the Aufbau principle; it adopts [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ because a fully filled 3d subshell provides extra stability.

Question 156: A recipe uses 2 cups of flour for every 3 cups of sugar. How many cups of flour are needed for 12 cups of sugar?

9
8 (Correct answer)
18
6

Correct answer: 8

The ratio scales by 4 (12 ÷ 3), so flour = 2 × 4 = 8 cups.

Question 157: The functional group -COOH is found in which class of organic compounds?

Alcohols
Carboxylic acids (Correct answer)
Ethers
Esters

Correct answer: Carboxylic acids

The carboxyl group (-COOH) is the defining functional group of carboxylic acids and acts as a weak acid in solution.

Question 158: Detail questions are best answered by:

Relying purely on memory
Returning to the relevant spot in the passage to confirm (Correct answer)
Choosing the answer with a number in it
Picking the most detailed-sounding choice

Correct answer: Returning to the relevant spot in the passage to confirm

Confirming the detail in the text prevents memory errors.

Question 159: Saponification is defined as the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of:

Esters (Correct answer)
Ethers
Alcohols
Amines

Correct answer: Esters

Saponification is the reaction of an ester with a strong base (e.g., NaOH) to produce an alcohol and a carboxylate salt (soap).

Question 160: The best time-saving habit on pattern folding questions is to:

Count edges on each answer
Guess immediately
Eliminate choices using one clearly wrong face (Correct answer)
Fully reconstruct every option

Correct answer: Eliminate choices using one clearly wrong face

Spotting a single contradictory face lets you discard a choice without full reconstruction.

Question 161: In the Z configuration, the two higher-priority groups are:

Both axial
On the same side (Correct answer)
On opposite sides
Both pointing back

Correct answer: On the same side

Z (zusammen) means the higher-priority groups are on the same side of the double bond.

Question 162: If two angles appear identical even after rotating your view, the safest assumption is:

You should skip the item
They are exactly equal and the question is invalid
They differ by a tiny amount and you must pick the slightly wider one (Correct answer)
Both can be ranked last

Correct answer: They differ by a tiny amount and you must pick the slightly wider one

DAT angles always differ slightly, so commit to the one that looks marginally wider.

Question 163: A boat travels 40 miles to the south, then 30 miles to the east. What is the boat's distance from its starting point?

45 miles
70 miles
80 miles
50 miles (Correct answer)
60 miles

Correct answer: 50 miles

The boat's journey creates a right-angled triangle, where the 40 miles traveled south and 30 miles traveled east are the two perpendicular legs. The distance from the starting point is the hypotenuse of this triangle. Applying the Pythagorean theorem (a² + b² = c²), we calculate 40² + 30² = 1600 + 900 = 2500. Taking the square root of 2500 gives 50 miles, which is the boat's distance from its starting point.

Question 164: In humans, cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease. What is the probability that a kid would be born with the condition if one parent is a carrier of the trait and the other parent is homozygous dominant, according to the principles of classical Mendelian genetics?

100%
50%
75%
0% (Correct answer)
25%

Correct answer: 0%

Let 'c' represent the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis and 'C' represent the dominant normal allele. A carrier parent has genotype Cc, and a homozygous dominant parent has genotype CC. When these parents cross (Cc x CC), the possible offspring genotypes are CC and Cc, each with a 50% probability. Since cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease, an individual must have two recessive alleles (cc) to express the condition. Therefore, none of the offspring will be 'cc', meaning the probability of a child being born with cystic fibrosis is 0%.

Question 165: If a paper is folded in half twice (into quarters) and one hole is punched, how many holes appear unfolded?

1
4 (Correct answer)
2
3

Correct answer: 4

Two folds create four layers, so one punch yields four holes.

Question 166: A tone question asks about the author's attitude. The correct choice is usually supported by:

Word choice and descriptive language in the passage (Correct answer)
The passage title only
Your personal opinion of the topic
The number of paragraphs

Correct answer: Word choice and descriptive language in the passage

An author's tone is revealed through diction and descriptive language.

Question 167: What is one of the key molecular pathways that leads to Alzheimer's disease?

toxicity of kidneys
cytokines
astrocytosis
microgliosis
inflammation of nerve cells (Correct answer)

Correct answer: inflammation of nerve cells

This question refers to a passage about Curcumin that was not provided. Without the relevant text, it is impossible to verify the truthfulness of these statements. Assuming the provided correct answer, 'Both statements are true' indicates that the missing passage would confirm that prolonged curcumin use can cause liver cell damage and that caution is advised for alcoholic patients when using curcumin for Alzheimer's treatment.

Question 168: According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that:

Donates an electron pair
Donates a proton (Correct answer)
Accepts a proton
Accepts an electron pair

Correct answer: Donates a proton

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is defined as a proton (H⁺) donor.

Question 169: A solid line on the End view that is absent from the Front view most likely represents what?

The object's color
A hidden hole
A surface or edge visible only from the side (Correct answer)
An error in the drawing

Correct answer: A surface or edge visible only from the side

Features seen only from the side appear in the End view but not the Front view.

Question 170: How many of the cubes in Figure have two of their exposed sides painted?

3 (Correct answer)
2
1
5
4

Correct answer: 3

Cubes with two exposed sides painted are typically located along the edges of the overall structure, but not at the corners. By carefully identifying and counting all the cubes in the figure that are exposed on exactly two sides, it is determined that there are 3 such cubes. These cubes are part of an edge but not a vertex of the painted exterior.

Question 171: In a laboratory experiment, the reaction of 32.5 g of zinc with excess hydrochloric acid produced 0.90 g of hydrogen gas. What is the percent yield of hydrogen? The balanced equation is: Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g). (Molar masses: Zn = 65.4 g/mol, H2 = 2.0 g/mol)

99.4%
45.0%
90.0% (Correct answer)
89.5%

Correct answer: 90.0%

First, calculate the theoretical yield of H2. Convert the mass of Zn to moles: 32.5 g Zn / 65.4 g/mol ≈ 0.497 mol Zn. According to the 1:1 mole ratio between Zn and H2, 0.497 moles of H2 should be produced. Convert moles of H2 to grams: 0.497 mol H2 * 2.0 g/mol = 0.994 g H2 (theoretical yield). The actual yield is given as 0.90 g. The percent yield is (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100 = (0.90 g / 0.994 g) * 100 ≈ 90.5%, which is closest to 90.0%.

Question 172: A racemic mixture has what observed optical rotation?

Strongly positive
Equal to one enantiomer
Strongly negative
Zero (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Zero

Equal amounts of two enantiomers cancel each other's rotation, giving zero.

Question 173: Transitional words like 'however' and 'in contrast' signal that the author is:

Concluding the passage
Introducing a contrasting or opposing idea (Correct answer)
Repeating the prior point
Listing examples in order

Correct answer: Introducing a contrasting or opposing idea

Contrast transitions indicate a shift to an opposing or differing idea.

Question 174: What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

Carbon dioxide
Water
NAD+
Oxygen (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Oxygen

Molecular oxygen accepts electrons at Complex IV and is reduced to water.

Question 175: An urn has 3 red and 7 blue balls. Two are drawn without replacement. What is the probability both are red?

9/100
1/15 (Correct answer)
3/10
1/5

Correct answer: 1/15

(3/10) × (2/9) = 6/90 = 1/15.

Question 176: What is the product when an acid reacts with a base?

Only water
Salt and water (Correct answer)
A new acid
Hydrogen gas

Correct answer: Salt and water

Neutralization reactions produce a salt and water.

Question 177: During glycolysis, which molecule is the direct net product of substrate-level phosphorylation per glucose?

2 net ATP (Correct answer)
6 net ATP
2 GTP
4 net ATP

Correct answer: 2 net ATP

Glycolysis produces 4 ATP but consumes 2 in the investment phase, for a net of 2 ATP.

Question 178: Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Chloroplast (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Chloroplast

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.

Question 179: For a triangular prism, the net has two triangles and three rectangles; the triangles end up:

Inside the solid
On adjacent sides
Merged with a rectangle
At the two opposite ends as parallel faces (Correct answer)

Correct answer: At the two opposite ends as parallel faces

The two triangles become the parallel end faces of the prism.

Question 180: An 'application' question on the DAT asks you to:

Count the number of paragraphs
Apply the passage's principle to a new or hypothetical situation (Correct answer)
Restate a fact verbatim
Identify the author's name

Correct answer: Apply the passage's principle to a new or hypothetical situation

Application questions extend passage logic to new scenarios.

Question 181: Newman projection: the staggered conformation is favored because it:

Minimizes torsional strain (Correct answer)
Forms a ring
Maximizes torsional strain
Eclipses all bonds

Correct answer: Minimizes torsional strain

The staggered arrangement places bonds 60° apart, minimizing torsional (eclipsing) strain.

Question 182: Pacing yourself across the three passages is important so that you:

Spend all time rereading paragraph one
Give each passage adequate time without running out (Correct answer)
Answer questions in random order with no plan
Finish the first passage and ignore the rest

Correct answer: Give each passage adequate time without running out

Even pacing ensures every passage and its questions get attention.

Question 183: Comparing the two extreme angles first (smallest and largest) helps because it does what?

Anchors the ends so the middle two are easier to place (Correct answer)
Wastes time
Is against the rules
Changes the angles

Correct answer: Anchors the ends so the middle two are easier to place

Identifying the clear smallest and largest fixes the endpoints, simplifying the middle ranking.

Question 184: An allosteric activator of PFK-1 that signals low cellular energy is:

ATP
AMP (Correct answer)
NADH
Citrate

Correct answer: AMP

High AMP indicates low energy charge and stimulates PFK-1 to increase ATP production.

Question 185: How many moles of Cl atoms are in 2 mol of CCl4?

2 mol
6 mol
8 mol (Correct answer)
4 mol

Correct answer: 8 mol

Each CCl4 has 4 Cl atoms, so 2 mol contains 2 × 4 = 8 mol of Cl.

Question 186: Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Ribosome
Mitochondria (Correct answer)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome

Correct answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 187: What is the percent composition by mass of carbon in CO2 (C=12, O=16)?

12.0%
50.0%
72.7%
27.3% (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 27.3%

Carbon's 12 g out of CO2's molar mass of 44 g gives 12/44 = 27.3%.

Question 188: How many stereoisomers are possible for a molecule with 3 stereocenters and no internal symmetry?

9
4
6
8 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 8

The maximum number of stereoisomers is 2^n, so 2^3 = 8.

Question 189: What is the oxidation-state-independent mass of 1.5 mol of Fe2O3 (Fe=56, O=16)?

80 g
160 g
320 g
240 g (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 240 g

Fe2O3 molar mass is 160 g/mol, so 1.5 mol weighs 240 g.

Question 190: 12.5 g sucrose is dissolved in 0.100 kilogram water to make a solution. What is the solute's mass percentage in this solution?

0.8%
11.11% (Correct answer)
8.0%
125%
12.5%

Correct answer: 11.11%

To calculate the mass percentage, divide the mass of the solute by the total mass of the solution and multiply by 100%. The mass of sucrose (solute) is 12.5 g. The mass of water (solvent) is 0.100 kg, which is 100 g. The total mass of the solution is 12.5 g + 100 g = 112.5 g. Therefore, the mass percentage is (12.5 g / 112.5 g) * 100% = 11.11%.

Question 191: In a passage comparing two experimental methods, the word 'whereas' is used to:

Show agreement
Highlight a difference between the two methods (Correct answer)
Conclude the passage
Introduce a definition

Correct answer: Highlight a difference between the two methods

'Whereas' draws a contrast between two items.

Question 192: When the two middle angles are nearly tied, what is the best move?

Measure with your finger width
Always pick the lower letter
Skip the question entirely
Tilt your head or rotate the page slightly to compare openings (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Tilt your head or rotate the page slightly to compare openings

Changing your viewing orientation can reveal which opening is wider.

Question 193: Solve: -3 - (-7).

4 (Correct answer)
-10
-4
10

Correct answer: 4

Subtracting a negative adds: -3 + 7 = 4.

Question 194: Multiple binding sites exist on __________ enzymes.

Allosteric (Correct answer)
Regulatory
Non-competitive
Catalytic
Competitive

Correct answer: Allosteric

Allosteric enzymes possess multiple binding sites: an active site where the substrate binds, and one or more allosteric sites where regulatory molecules (allosteric effectors) bind. The binding of an effector to an allosteric site induces a conformational change in the enzyme, which can either activate or inhibit the enzyme's activity at the active site. This mechanism allows for sophisticated regulation of metabolic pathways.

Question 195: Consider the four angles labeled 1 through 4. One angle is a perfect right angle (90 degrees). Rank all four angles from smallest to largest.

2, 4, 1, 3
1, 3, 4, 2
3, 1, 4, 2 (Correct answer)
3, 4, 1, 2

Correct answer: 3, 1, 4, 2

The correct ranking is 3, 1, 4, 2. Angles 3 and 1 are acute (less than 90 degrees), with angle 3 being the smaller of the two. Angle 4 is the right angle (exactly 90 degrees). Angle 2 is obtuse (greater than 90 degrees), making it the largest.

Question 196: How many grams are in 0.50 mol of NaCl (Na=23, Cl=35.5)?

117 g
29.25 g (Correct answer)
58.5 g
14.6 g

Correct answer: 29.25 g

NaCl molar mass is 58.5 g/mol, so 0.50 mol equals 29.25 g.

Question 197: Mentally 'rolling' the net one square at a time is useful because it:

Removes shaded faces
Counts the edges automatically
Tracks each face's orientation step by step (Correct answer)
Changes the solid's size

Correct answer: Tracks each face's orientation step by step

Rolling face-by-face keeps each face's orientation accurate as the net closes.

Question 198: In the 3D Form Development (Pattern Folding) subtest, a flat pattern is folded to form what?

A three-dimensional solid object (Correct answer)
A line graph
A two-dimensional shadow
A flat collage

Correct answer: A three-dimensional solid object

The unfolded pattern is mentally folded along its edges to create a 3D figure.

Question 199: A class has 12 boys and 8 girls. What is the probability a randomly chosen student is a girl?

8/12
2/5 (Correct answer)
1/2
3/5

Correct answer: 2/5

There are 8 girls out of 20 students, so 8/20 = 2/5.

Question 200: To verify a candidate answer quickly, you should check:

The total number of answer choices
Only one face
The color of the background
That three mutually adjacent faces match the net (Correct answer)

Correct answer: That three mutually adjacent faces match the net

Confirming three faces meeting at a corner is usually enough to confirm or reject a solid.

Question 201: If three faces on a net all share the same corner point, after folding they:

Lie flat in one plane
Meet at one vertex of the solid (Correct answer)
Become opposite faces
Stay disconnected

Correct answer: Meet at one vertex of the solid

Three faces sharing a net corner converge at a single 3D vertex.

Question 202: A die is rolled. What is the probability of an odd number or a 6?

5/6
1/3
1/2
2/3 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2/3

Odds are 1,3,5 plus 6 gives 4 outcomes, so 4/6 = 2/3.

Question 203: How many moles of oxygen gas are required to completely combust 2 moles of propane (C3H8)?

5 mol
10 mol (Correct answer)
3 mol
8 mol

Correct answer: 10 mol

Balanced equation C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O needs 5 mol O2 per mol propane, so 2 mol requires 10 mol.

Question 204: From 6 people, how many ways can a committee of 2 be chosen?

12
36
30
15 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 15

C(6,2) = 6!/(2!·4!) = 15.

Question 205: Which quantum number is restricted to values of +½ or −½?

Spin quantum number (mₛ) (Correct answer)
Principal quantum number (n)
Angular momentum quantum number (l)
Magnetic quantum number (mₗ)

Correct answer: Spin quantum number (mₛ)

The spin quantum number (mₛ) has only two allowed values — +½ (spin up) or −½ (spin down) — representing the two intrinsic spin states of an electron.

Question 206: The proton gradient driving ATP synthase is established across which membrane?

Plasma membrane
Nuclear envelope
Inner mitochondrial membrane (Correct answer)
Outer mitochondrial membrane

Correct answer: Inner mitochondrial membrane

Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space across the inner membrane, creating the proton-motive force.

Question 207: How does curcumin prevent inflammatory damage, according to the scientists?

By electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
By effectively binding to copper and iron.
By preventing metal induction of NF-Kappa. (Correct answer)
By an increase on beta sheet as well as alpha-helix.
More than one of the above.

Correct answer: By preventing metal induction of NF-Kappa.

This question refers to a passage about Curcumin and Alzheimer's disease that was not provided. Without the relevant text, it is impossible to determine the various ways curcumin fights Alzheimer's disease. Assuming the provided correct answer, 'more than one of the above' implies that the missing text describes multiple mechanisms, such as reducing inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting interleukin expression, and impairing pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Question 208: The word 'consequently' in a scientific passage most likely introduces:

A definition
A cause
A result or effect of the preceding statement (Correct answer)
An unrelated example

Correct answer: A result or effect of the preceding statement

'Consequently' signals a result following from a cause.

Question 209: Roughly how many seconds per Angle Ranking question are available given typical PAT pacing?

About 90 seconds
About 5 seconds
About 2 minutes
About 20 seconds (Correct answer)

Correct answer: About 20 seconds

With 90 PAT items in 60 minutes, each averages around 40 seconds, and angle items often resolve faster, near 20 seconds.

Question 210: A car travels 180 miles in 3 hours. What is its average speed in miles per hour?

54
90
60 (Correct answer)
45

Correct answer: 60

Speed = distance ÷ time = 180 ÷ 3 = 60 mph.

Question 211: Which reaction mechanism typically gives a racemic product from a chiral starting material?

SN1 via a planar carbocation (Correct answer)
Hydrogenation
SN2
Concerted addition

Correct answer: SN1 via a planar carbocation

SN1 forms a planar carbocation that can be attacked from either face, giving racemization.

Question 212: How many ways can 4 different books be arranged on a shelf?

12
16
256
24 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 24

4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 arrangements.

Question 213: What is the primary purpose of the passage?

To describe the molecular adaptations of psychrophiles and their biotechnological applications. (Correct answer)
To argue for increased funding for research into extremophiles.
To compare the enzymatic activity of psychrophiles and mesophiles.
To detail the process of ice recrystallization inhibition in polar organisms.

Correct answer: To describe the molecular adaptations of psychrophiles and their biotechnological applications.

The passage provides a comprehensive overview of psychrophiles, dedicating the first three paragraphs to their specific molecular adaptations (membrane composition, enzyme structure, and protective proteins) and the final paragraph to the practical and biotechnological uses of these adaptations. While it does compare enzymes (Choice C) and discuss ice recrystallization (Choice D), these are supporting details, not the main purpose. There is no argument for funding (Choice A).

Question 214: A question asks for the 'main idea' of a passage. The best answer usually:

Describes only the final paragraph
States a single supporting detail
Captures the overall central point of the whole passage (Correct answer)
Quotes one example verbatim

Correct answer: Captures the overall central point of the whole passage

Main-idea answers summarize the passage as a whole, not one detail.

Question 215: When a passage defines a technical term in parentheses, that definition is provided to:

Indicate a quotation
Help the reader understand specialized vocabulary in context (Correct answer)
Confuse the reader
Lengthen the passage

Correct answer: Help the reader understand specialized vocabulary in context

In-text definitions clarify specialized terms for the reader.

Question 216: What is the next number in the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ...?

162 (Correct answer)
108
144
216

Correct answer: 162

Each term is multiplied by 3, so 54 × 3 = 162.

Question 217: What is the perimeter of a trapezoid with a surface area of 100?

35 (Correct answer)
55
45
25
65

Correct answer: 35

The perimeter of a trapezoid cannot be uniquely determined from its surface area alone without additional information about its specific dimensions or angles. However, if specific dimensions for the trapezoid were provided (e.g., through a diagram or additional constraints), such as bases and heights that result in an area of 100 and side lengths that sum to 35, then the perimeter would be 35. This implies a particular set of dimensions was either given or implicitly assumed for the problem.

Question 218: At 25°C, the sum of pH and pOH for any aqueous solution equals:

14 (Correct answer)
1
7
10

Correct answer: 14

At 25°C, Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻¹⁴, therefore pH + pOH = 14.

Question 219: What is the concentration of a solution with 0.5 mol solute in 250 mL?

0.25 M
0.5 M
2.0 M (Correct answer)
1.0 M

Correct answer: 2.0 M

Molarity is 0.5 mol / 0.250 L = 2.0 M.

Question 220: A spinner has 8 equal sections numbered 1–8. What is the probability of landing on an even number?

5/8
1/4
1/2 (Correct answer)
3/8

Correct answer: 1/2

Even numbers 2,4,6,8 make 4 of 8 sections, so 1/2.

Question 221: A patient is found to have a genetic disorder that inactivates the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. Which of the following metabolic consequences would be expected?

Accelerated breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Accumulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Increased rate of gluconeogenesis (Correct answer)
Decreased levels of glucose-6-phosphate

Correct answer: Increased rate of gluconeogenesis

PFK-1 is a key irreversible enzyme in glycolysis. Its inactivation would halt glycolysis, leading to a cellular energy deficit. To compensate and maintain blood glucose levels, the body would upregulate gluconeogenesis, the pathway that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. The breakdown of glucose would decrease, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate levels would drop (as it's the product of PFK-1), and glucose-6-phosphate would likely accumulate as it cannot proceed down the glycolytic pathway.

Question 222: The following images illustrate top, front, and end perspectives of solid objects. There is no sense of perspective in the sights. That is, the seen surface's points are viewed along parallel lines of vision. In the upper left-hand corner is a projection looking DOWN on it (TOP VIEW). In the lower left-hand corner, you can see a projection looking at the object from the FRONT (FRONT VIEW). In the lower right-hand corner, you can see a projection looking at the object from the END. (END OF VIEW) These sights are always in the same place and are labeled as such. Lines that are not visible on the surface in a certain view are DOTTED in that view. Two views are shown in these problems, with four choices to complete the set. You must choose the correct option. It is not always necessary to select the end view; occasionally the top view or the front view is lacking.

C) (Correct answer)
A)
D)
B)

Correct answer: C)

To complete the set of orthographic projections, analyze the given top and front views to construct a mental image of the three-dimensional object. Then, imagine viewing this object from the end perspective. Option C correctly represents the end view, including all visible and hidden lines (dotted lines) that correspond to the object's structure.

Question 223: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an adaptation for survival in cold environments?

Increased flexibility in enzyme active sites.
An altered metabolism to generate more internal heat. (Correct answer)
The production of RNA chaperones.
Modification of fatty acids in the cell membrane.

Correct answer: An altered metabolism to generate more internal heat.

The passage details several adaptations: modification of fatty acids in membranes (paragraph 1), increased enzyme flexibility (paragraph 2), and the production of cold-shock proteins which act as RNA chaperones (paragraph 3). There is no mention of thermogenesis or any mechanism for generating internal heat to counteract the cold.

Question 224: Which of the following functional groups has the highest priority in IUPAC nomenclature when numbering a parent chain?

Amines
Esters (Correct answer)
Alkenes
Alkynes
Alkanes

Correct answer: Esters

In IUPAC nomenclature, functional groups are assigned priorities for naming and numbering the parent chain. Carboxylic acids have the highest priority, followed by esters, amides, nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, amines, alkenes, alkynes, and then alkanes. Among the given options, esters have a higher priority than amines, alkenes, alkynes, and alkanes, meaning the carbon atom of the ester group would be numbered C1 in the parent chain.

Question 225: If three angles are clearly ordered and only the fourth is uncertain, you should:

Insert the uncertain angle by comparing it to its nearest neighbors (Correct answer)
Guess randomly among all four
Ignore the fourth angle
Restart the entire ranking

Correct answer: Insert the uncertain angle by comparing it to its nearest neighbors

Slotting the uncertain angle relative to known neighbors finalizes the order quickly.

Question 226: A compound with specific rotation [α] = 0 but containing stereocenters is most likely:

A meso compound or racemate (Correct answer)
An sp2 alkene
A constitutional isomer
A single enantiomer

Correct answer: A meso compound or racemate

Zero rotation with stereocenters points to either a meso compound or a racemic mixture.

Question 227: How many molecules are in 2.0 mol of water?

6.02 × 10^23
1.2 × 10^23
3.01 × 10^23
1.2 × 10^24 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 1.2 × 10^24

Multiplying 2.0 mol by Avogadro's number gives 1.2 × 10^24 molecules.

Question 228: When two answer cubes show identical visible faces, the deciding factor is often the:

Number of cubes shown
Size of the image
Order of the choices
Hidden relationship implied by mark positions (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Hidden relationship implied by mark positions

Mark placement reveals adjacency relationships that distinguish otherwise similar cubes.

Question 229: Which of the following is a key difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Glycolysis produces ATP, while gluconeogenesis consumes ATP. (Correct answer)
Glycolysis is an anabolic process, while gluconeogenesis is a catabolic process.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, while gluconeogenesis occurs in the mitochondria.
Both pathways use the exact same enzymes but in reverse directions.

Correct answer: Glycolysis produces ATP, while gluconeogenesis consumes ATP.

Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that breaks down glucose, resulting in a net production of ATP. Gluconeogenesis is an anabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose, requiring the input of energy in the form of ATP and GTP. While many steps are reversible, key irreversible steps in glycolysis are bypassed by different enzymes in gluconeogenesis. Both pathways occur primarily in the cytoplasm, with some reactions of gluconeogenesis starting in the mitochondria.

Question 230: Which of the following, based on the passage, is related to anorexia nervosa statistics? I. It affects 70 million people all around the world. II. It affects about one percent of girls and young women. III. Boys and young men now account for more than a third of the victims. [1) Eating disorders impact 24 million people in the United States and 70 million worldwide. These disorders go beyond normal dieting and involve extreme behavior related to food or exercise, such as starvation and binge eating. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become a major health crisis and can lead to serious com plications or even fatalities if left untreated. [2) Anorexia nervosa is one of the most well—known eating disorders and is also one of the deadliest. People with this disease, known as anorexics, have an intense fear of gaining weight. They develop a distorted body image which prevents them from correctly evaluating their body size and shape. Anorexics believe they are overweight even when they are normal weight or even grossly underweight. When they look in the mirror, the image they see is not a true reflection of their appearance. As a result, they go to extreme lengths to lose pounds and typically starve themselves, until they become thinner and thinner. Many drop so much weight they develop a malnourished, emaciated appearance. Anorexics are often perfectionists who feel the disorder helps them gain control over their lives, when in fact, just the opposite occurs. [3) Most people who develop anorexia nervosa are young and female. About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it. In the past, few young men and older adults got this disease. However, those numbers have been increasing. This is particularly true for male athletes or young men in the military, who feel driven to be thin and in shape. Males now make up 25% of all sufferers. Anorexia also used to be more common among European Americans, but that’s changing too. Occurrences are rapidly rising among other ethnic groups. What Are the Causes? (4) There is no specific cause of anorexia nervosa. Like other eating disorders, it is a mental illness that arises from a combination of circumstances. Biological, emotional, and psychological factors work together to bring about this disease. While anorexia involves a preoccupation with food, the underlying issues are about much more than that. People with eating disorders use food and exercise to cope with painful emotions or situations in other areas of their lives. [5) Many different factors can contribute to the disorder. Anorexia nervosa often runs in families and current research suggests there could be a genetic link. Feelings of low self—esteem and inadequacy are also two big contributors to this disease. A lack of control over one‘s life and a history of substance abuse can play a part as well. Other psychological factors include depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Many sufferers are perfectionists who feel the need to control every aspect of their lives. [6) Social causes, such as troubled ties with family members or friends, are often to blame as well. They also include pressures from society to look thin and attractive. Success and self-worth are often equated with a slender appearance. Other social causes include a history of being teased by peers because of body size. (7) There are several risk factors associated with anorexia. They include an early onset of puberty, participation in sports or other activities that place a premium on having a lean body, difficulty dealing with stress, regular dieting, and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Risk factors are not a guarantee that a person will become anorexic. Some young women who attend ballet classes and have problems with stress, for example, are more likely to get anorexia. However, others with the same risk factors cope just fine. Risk factors can play a part, but they don’t always lead to anorexia. [8} Researchers are still learning about all the underlying issues that can contribute to anorexia nervosa. For example, they‘re studying possible biochemical causes. Some researchers are studying the possible effects of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood and appetite. Serotonin levels have been found to be out of balance in a percentage of individuals with anorexia or other eating disorders. What Are the Symptoms? [9} Most people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight when they are actually underweight. They are obsessed with dropping pounds and do everything they can to lose weight. As a result, they often engage in purging behavior, which can include self-induced vomiting, along with a use of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enem as. [10} This can lead to a variety of short—term side effects and long—term com plications. Some of the short—term symptoms include brittle nails and hair, cold or swollen hands and feet, constipation, dry skin with a yellowish cast, lethargy, and a lack of menstruation. Other side effects can last for a longer period of time and be harder to overcome. Without treatment, anorexics could suffer from malnutrition, heart problems, bone disease and other dangerous com plications. Some of these effects continue to take a physical toll long after the disease has been treated and cured. Unfortunately, death is another com plication of anorexia and about 20% of the people with this disorder die prematurely. The side effects that most commonly prove fatal include fluid imbalances and cardiac arrest. Suicide is another com plication often linked to the disease. How Is It Diagnosed? [11) There are two types of anorexia nervosa physicians consider when making a diagnosis. Patients who suffer from the binging/purging type regularly engage in binging behavior, or eating a lot of food in a short period of time, that is soon followed by purging. Patients who suffer from the restricting type of anorexia do not engage in binging and purging, but instead continually deny their bodies the nutrients they need. To determine if a person has either type, doctors question patients about eating habits and behaviors. They also perform exams, take x—rays and other scans and do blood and urine tests. Most importantly, they consult a medical handbook, known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which has a list of criteria for each eating disorder. Even if a patient does not meet all the criteria, a doctor may be concerned enough to begin a course of treatment. [12) Another method that can determine if a person has anorexia nervosa is to measure the patient‘s BMI, or body mass index. This is the answer to a mathematical formula that factors in weight and height. For example, if you weigh 135 lbs. and stand 63 inches tall your BMI is 24. For an individual who is at a normal weight, BMI typically measures between 18.5 and 24.9. If it drops below that, a person is considered underweight and could have anorexia or other another eating disorder. How Is It Treated? [13) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, only one third of the people with anorexia receive the treatment they need. In general, the most important aspect of curing the disease is stopping starvation and returning the patient to a healthy appearance. Treating anorexia nervosa involves three major steps. The first involves restoring the patient to a healthy weight. To do this, anorexics often must be hospitalized, particularly if their weight has become dangerously low. Since malnutrition and a low body weight can impede a person‘s ability to think clearly, anorexics also need to gain weight to move on to the next phases of their treatment. [14) During the second step, doctors treat the psychological issues that led to the disorder. This can involve one or more forms of therapy. Cognitive therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on how a person thinks and feels. This part of the treatment process helps anorexics change how they see themselves and adjust distorted body images. The purpose of behavioral therapy is to alter the self—destructive behaviors of anorexia, including starvation and purging. During sessions, the patient may list alternatives to those behaviors or ways to avoid them. During interpersonal therapy, the doctor addresses the patient‘s relationships with others. He or she may discuss unhealthy or harmful relationships while suggesting coping strategies. [15) In the third step, patients learn healthy behaviors related to eating and exercise. This involves another type of treatment known as nutritional therapy. Patients learn about the importance of eating a balanced diet and exercising in a healthy way. The use of medications can also be a part of a patient’s treatment plan and help adjust symptoms related to mood and anxiety. One or more of the following may be prescribed: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hormones to restore menstrual cycle, and dietary supplements. However, some studies suggest medications won‘t prevent an anorexic from relapsing. [16) Unfortunately, there is no entirely effective treatment for anorexia and recovery could last years. Even after gaining weight, anorexics may remain thinner than average. Often, they display healthy behavior toward food for months at a time then suddenly relapse. Involving family members and friends can help with the adjustment and be a big advantage in the recovery process. However, long—term studies suggest that about half of all patients never fully recover. [17) Eating disorders don’t only impact the people who suffer from them. They also have a profound impact on friends and family members. For them, it can often feel as though the patient‘s relationship with his or her eating disorder takes precedence over all other relationships. Parents and siblings of an anorexic often spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about him or her, or cajoling the person to seek help or change the behavior. As a result, living with someone who has an eating disorder can be a painful process, even during the road to recovery. Therefore, treatment plans often include counseling sessions for family members and close friends. This can go a long way toward repairing damaged relationships. [18) For average anorexics, the disease lasts less than two years, which is a shorter time period than other eating disorders. It is unclear, however, what could attribute to this fact. Anecdotal evidence suggests anorexics may be reluctant to participate in research studies, which could skew the results. Can It Be Prevented? [19) The best way to prevent anorexia nervosa is to develop healthy attitudes toward food and exercise at a young age. Parents in particular can encourage and reinforce this type of behavior in a number of ways. Talk to your child about social pressures to be thin, set a good example with your own eating habits, and accept and support your child in all facets of life. Pediatricians can also help identify anorexia nervosa early. They can inquire about eating habits and check for weight fluctuations, for example. Identifying a disorder early can go a long way toward preventing com plications and speeding the recovery process. [20) However, there is no sure way to prevent this kind of disorder. Outside pressures from peers or cultural influences often have as much of an impact as experiences in the home. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep an eye on their kids, watch how they eat and observe their attitudes toward food and their bodies, to ensure they remain healthy and happy. [21) If you are concerned someone you know may have anorexia, there are steps you can take to help him or her. If you see the warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend or family member, don‘t think it‘s all in your head or try to brush the problem under a rug. It is very likely the person is in denial about the disease, and if you don't approach him or her the situation could become worse. Although it can be difficult to bring up such a delicate subject, talking about it can only help and is the first step toward a positive outcome. [22) Even if the person gets angry or defensive, don‘t give up. Try to approach him or her at a later time when you've both had a chance to calm down and regroup. It could take several attempts before he or she is ready to listen. Also, anorexics often deny their behavior and at times don‘t even realize they have a disease. Remember that pushing, lecturing or blaming won‘t help. Always make it clear you’re only concerned about the person and have his or her best interests at heart. The best thing you can do for a person with anorexia nervosa is to encourage him or her to seek professional help. Eating disorders are mental illnesses that won‘t go away on their own. They must be appropriately diagnosed and properly treated.

I and II only
II only (Correct answer)
II and III only
III only
I only

Correct answer: II only

According to paragraph 1, 'Eating disorders impact ... 70 million worldwide,' referring to all eating disorders, not just anorexia nervosa, making statement I false. Paragraph 3 states, 'About 1 out of 100 girls and women currently suffer from it,' which is 1%, making statement II true. Paragraph 3 also states, 'Males now make up 25% of all sufferers,' which is one-fourth, not more than a third, making statement III false. Therefore, only statement II is related to anorexia nervosa statistics as described in the passage.

Question 231: An author who presents multiple viewpoints without endorsing one is best described as adopting a tone that is:

Apologetic
Persuasive and one-sided
Objective or balanced (Correct answer)
Sarcastic

Correct answer: Objective or balanced

Presenting views neutrally reflects an objective, balanced tone.

Question 232: In photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) utilize which products from the light-dependent reactions?

ADP and NADP+
Water and photons
Oxygen and glucose
ATP and NADPH (Correct answer)

Correct answer: ATP and NADPH

The light-dependent reactions capture light energy and use it to produce ATP and NADPH. These energy-rich molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) to fix carbon dioxide and synthesize glucose.

Question 233: The compound CH₃COCH₃ has which IUPAC name?

Propan-2-one (Correct answer)
Propan-1-ol
Propanal
Propanoic acid

Correct answer: Propan-2-one

CH₃COCH₃ (acetone) has three carbons with a central ketone carbonyl; its IUPAC name is propan-2-one.

Question 234: What is the value of (x+5)² if % of x equals % of 20?

225 (Correct answer)
26
25.25
2025
26.01

Correct answer: 225

Correct answer: 225 0.6𝑥=(0.3)×20→𝑥=10→(𝑥+5)²=(15)²=225

Question 235: What happens when nerve cells are degraded by Alzheimer's disease?

more than one of the above (Correct answer)
formation of beta-amyloid plaques
inflammation
oxidative damage
metal toxicity

Correct answer: more than one of the above

This question refers to a passage about Curcumin and Alzheimer's disease that was not provided. Without the relevant text, it is impossible to determine the specific role Curcumin plays in fighting Alzheimer's disease according to that passage's case studies. Assuming the provided correct answer, 'Curcumin helps macrophages clear amyloid-plaques' would be the role described in the missing text.

Question 236: On the DAT, pattern folding items ask you to match a flat pattern to its:

Mirror image only
Cross-section
Top-down view
Correct three-dimensional folded object (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Correct three-dimensional folded object

You select the 3D solid that the given net folds into.

Question 237: Curcumin fights Alzheimer's disease in a variety of ways.

Curcumin inhibits intracellular interleukin-12 p40/p70 expression.
more than one of the above. (Correct answer)
Curcumin reduces the transcription of inflammatory cytokines.
Curcumin reduces the main chemical that causes inflammation.
Exposure to curcumin impairs the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Correct answer: more than one of the above.

This question refers to a passage about Alzheimer's disease that was not provided. Without the relevant text, it is impossible to determine which item reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer's symptoms according to that specific passage. Assuming the provided correct answer, 'ibuprofen' would be mentioned in the missing text as reducing this risk.

Question 238: The phrase 'for example' in a passage typically signals:

A change of topic
A contradiction
An illustration supporting a preceding general claim (Correct answer)
A conclusion

Correct answer: An illustration supporting a preceding general claim

'For example' introduces a specific instance backing a general point.

Question 239: A point mutation that substitutes one nucleotide and causes a different amino acid to be incorporated into the protein is called a:

Missense mutation (Correct answer)
Frameshift mutation
Nonsense mutation
Silent mutation

Correct answer: Missense mutation

A missense mutation changes one codon so that it codes for a different amino acid, potentially altering protein structure and function.

Question 240: Why is it risky to judge angles by tilting your head or the screen?

It makes angles larger
Orientation does not change an angle's true size (Correct answer)
It is the fastest correct method
It is encouraged by the test

Correct answer: Orientation does not change an angle's true size

Rotating your view does not alter the measured angle, so it adds no real information.

Question 241: On the DAT, there is no penalty for guessing, which means you should:

Skip the last passage
Only answer questions you are certain about
Answer every question even if unsure (Correct answer)
Leave hard questions blank

Correct answer: Answer every question even if unsure

Without a guessing penalty, leaving blanks only loses potential points.

Question 242: What is the probability of drawing a face card (J, Q, K) from a standard deck?

1/4
4/13
1/13
3/13 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 3/13

There are 12 face cards, so 12/52 = 3/13.

Question 243: On the DAT Reading Comprehension section, which strategy best helps you locate a specific detail quickly?

Memorizing the first paragraph
Scanning the passage for keywords from the question (Correct answer)
Rereading the entire passage from the start
Skipping to the conclusion only

Correct answer: Scanning the passage for keywords from the question

Scanning for question keywords lets you find the relevant sentence without rereading everything.

Question 244: If the Front and Top views are both simple rectangles of equal width, the object is most likely a what?

Rectangular block (Correct answer)
Sphere
Cone
Pyramid

Correct answer: Rectangular block

Matching rectangular front and top views indicate a rectangular box-shaped solid.

Question 245: The passage suggests that a cold-adapted enzyme from a psychrophile would most likely:

lose its catalytic function if heated to 50 °C. (Correct answer)
function optimally in the human body (approximately 37 °C).
have more rigid and stable protein structures than its mesophilic counterpart.
be highly effective in a high-pressure, deep-sea environment.

Correct answer: lose its catalytic function if heated to 50 °C.

Paragraph 2 describes the 'thermolability trade-off,' stating that the flexibility that allows psychrophilic enzymes to work in the cold 'makes them more susceptible to denaturation at even moderate temperatures.' Since 50 °C is a moderate temperature where a mesophilic enzyme might be stable, the less stable psychrophilic enzyme would likely denature and lose its function.

Question 246: Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed?

Zeroth law
First law (Correct answer)
Third law
Second law

Correct answer: First law

The first law is the conservation of energy.

Question 247: An angle close to 0 degrees would appear how?

As a right angle
Nearly closed, with rays almost overlapping (Correct answer)
Like a straight line
Wide open like a fan

Correct answer: Nearly closed, with rays almost overlapping

Near-zero angles have rays that nearly coincide, forming a very tight opening.

Question 248: Among the elements Li, Be, B, and Ne, which has the highest first ionization energy?

Be
Li
B
Ne (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ne

Noble gases have the highest ionization energies in their periods because their completely filled valence shells are exceptionally stable and strongly resist electron removal.

Question 249: Which of the following statements concerning Alzheimer's disease is incorrect?

The progressive loss of structure or function of neurons.
Atrophy in the frontal cortex.
Behavioral changes.
Reduction of daily life activities.
Five percent of men around the world are affected by this disease. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Five percent of men around the world are affected by this disease.

The statement that 'Five percent of men around the world are affected by this disease' is incorrect. While Alzheimer's disease prevalence increases significantly with age, a general 5% prevalence for all men globally, across all age groups, is far too high. The overall prevalence of dementia (including AD) in the general population is much lower, typically rising to 5-10% only in older adult populations (e.g., over 65).

Question 250: During prolonged starvation, the liver produces ketone bodies primarily from:

Glucose from glycolysis
Lactate from muscle
Acetyl-CoA from fatty acid breakdown (Correct answer)
Amino acids only

Correct answer: Acetyl-CoA from fatty acid breakdown

Excess acetyl-CoA from beta-oxidation is converted into ketone bodies as an alternative fuel.

Question 251: What is the oxidation state of sulfur in sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?

+2
+6 (Correct answer)
-2
+4

Correct answer: +6

With H at +1 and O at -2, sulfur must be +6 to balance the neutral molecule.

Question 252: In the Angle Ranking subtest, you must rank four angles in what order?

From largest to smallest only
By color
By length of their sides
From smallest to largest (Correct answer)

Correct answer: From smallest to largest

The task is to order the four angles from the smallest opening to the largest.

Question 253: What is the value of 8 + 6 × 2 - 4?

20
16 (Correct answer)
24
12

Correct answer: 16

Multiplication first: 6 × 2 = 12, then 8 + 12 - 4 = 16.

Question 254: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate into which molecule entering the citric acid cycle?

Citrate
Acetyl-CoA (Correct answer)
Oxaloacetate
Lactate

Correct answer: Acetyl-CoA

Pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA, releasing CO2 and producing NADH.

Question 255: If you draw two cards without replacement, what is the probability both are aces?

1/169
1/221 (Correct answer)
1/13
1/52

Correct answer: 1/221

(4/52) × (3/51) = 12/2652 = 1/221.

Question 256: Which process converts nitrogen gas into ammonia in the nitrogen cycle?

Ammonification
Nitrogen fixation (Correct answer)
Denitrification
Nitrification

Correct answer: Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert N2 into ammonia.

Question 257: Which pair of angles is hardest to distinguish on the DAT?

A 30-degree and an 80-degree angle
A 5-degree and a 175-degree angle
A 10-degree and a 90-degree angle
Two angles differing by only a degree or two (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Two angles differing by only a degree or two

The smaller the difference, the harder the perceptual judgment.

Question 258: What is the probability of flipping a fair coin twice and getting two heads?

3/4
1/4 (Correct answer)
1/2
1/3

Correct answer: 1/4

Each flip is 1/2, so 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4.

Question 259: Which of the following properties holds the water molecules in a vertical column of water in a plant's xylem vessels together?

the high heat capacity of water
the strong cohesion property of cellulose in the xylem cell wall
the strong adhesion property of water
the strong cohesion of property of water (Correct answer)

Correct answer: the strong cohesion of property of water

The strong cohesion property of water is essential for its transport in a plant's xylem vessels. Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules themselves, primarily due to hydrogen bonding. This strong intermolecular attraction allows water molecules to stick together, forming a continuous, unbroken column that can be pulled upwards from the roots to the leaves through transpiration, resisting the force of gravity.

Question 260: What is the maximum number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with the structure of 3,4-dimethylhexane?

3
2
4 (Correct answer)
8

Correct answer: 4

The maximum number of stereoisomers is calculated by the formula 2^n, where 'n' is the number of chiral centers. 3,4-dimethylhexane has two chiral centers (at C3 and C4). Therefore, the maximum number of stereoisomers is 2^2 = 4. These stereoisomers exist as two pairs of enantiomers.

Question 261: The prefix 'thio-' in organic nomenclature indicates replacement of oxygen with:

Sulfur (Correct answer)
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
A halogen

Correct answer: Sulfur

The 'thio-' prefix indicates that sulfur replaces oxygen, as in thiol (-SH) being the sulfur analogue of alcohol (-OH).

Question 262: Which strategy best eliminates wrong answers in pattern folding?

Ignoring shaded areas
Measuring the net with a ruler
Counting only the number of faces
Checking the placement of one distinctive marked face (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Checking the placement of one distinctive marked face

Locating one unique mark and verifying its neighbors quickly rules out impostor solids.

Question 263: What is this atom's hybridization?

sp3
sp2 (Correct answer)
sp
s
2s2

Correct answer: sp2

Hybridization describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds. To determine hybridization, count the number of electron domains (lone pairs and bonding groups) around the central atom. An atom with three electron domains (e.g., one double bond and two single bonds, or two double bonds, or three single bonds and one lone pair) will have sp2 hybridization, forming a trigonal planar geometry.

Question 264: What is the area of a triangle with base 10 and height 6?

32
60
16
30 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 30

Area = ½ × base × height = ½ × 10 × 6 = 30.

Question 265: A reliable strategy when two angles seem equal is to first identify which?

The angle drawn highest on the page
The clearly smallest and clearly largest angles (Correct answer)
The angle with letter A
The angle with the longest rays

Correct answer: The clearly smallest and clearly largest angles

Anchoring the extremes narrows the close comparison to the middle two angles.

Question 266: An 'EXCEPT' question (e.g., 'All of the following are true EXCEPT') asks you to find the choice that:

Appears first in the text
Is most strongly supported
Best summarizes the passage
Is NOT supported by the passage (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Is NOT supported by the passage

EXCEPT questions ask for the one answer that the passage does not support.

Question 267: Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Studies have not found any evidence regarding the toxicity of copper on neurons. (Correct answer)
Studies indicate curcumin is a potent inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Studies show that copper and zinc bind A-beta inducing aggregation and give rise to ROS.
Cliquinol has shown anti-Alzheimer’s effects.
Studies indicate metals can cause A-beta accumulation and toxicity.

Correct answer: Studies have not found any evidence regarding the toxicity of copper on neurons.

This question refers to a passage that was not provided. Without the relevant text, it is impossible to verify the truthfulness of these statements. Assuming the provided correct answer, 'Both statements are true' indicates that the missing passage would confirm that TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta are pro-inflammatory cytokines and that their activation is inhibited by the reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).

Question 268: The Top view of an object corresponds to looking at it from where?

From the front
Straight down from above (Correct answer)
Straight up from below
From the back

Correct answer: Straight down from above

The Top view is the projection seen by looking directly down onto the object.

Question 269: When answering an inference question, the correct choice should be:

A logical conclusion supported by but not directly stated in the passage (Correct answer)
Contradicted by the passage
Based entirely on outside facts
Explicitly stated word-for-word

Correct answer: A logical conclusion supported by but not directly stated in the passage

Inferences are logically supported conclusions not stated verbatim.

Question 270: Among answer choices, an impossible distractor often features a pattern on a face that:

Matches the net exactly
Cannot be adjacent to its neighbors per the net (Correct answer)
Is simply rotated correctly
Appears on the correct face

Correct answer: Cannot be adjacent to its neighbors per the net

Wrong answers place a mark on a face whose adjacency contradicts the net.

Question 271: Why is ray length irrelevant when comparing angle sizes?

Longer rays always mean larger angles
Shorter rays always mean larger angles
Ray length sets the degree measure directly
An angle is defined by the opening at its vertex, not by line length (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An angle is defined by the opening at its vertex, not by line length

An angle's measure is fixed by the divergence of its rays regardless of how far they extend.

Question 272: Human skin color is determined by multiple genes contributing to a continuous range of phenotypes — this is an example of:

Epistasis
Codominance
Polygenic inheritance (Correct answer)
Pleiotropy

Correct answer: Polygenic inheritance

Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes each contributing to a trait, producing a continuous bell-curve distribution of phenotypes in a population.

Question 273: In assigning R/S, which atom gets highest priority?

Smallest atomic radius
Highest atomic number (Correct answer)
Lowest mass
Highest electronegativity

Correct answer: Highest atomic number

CIP rules rank substituents by atomic number, highest first.

Question 274: Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Axon
Dendrites (Correct answer)
Synaptic terminal
Myelin sheath

Correct answer: Dendrites

Dendrites receive incoming signals and conduct them toward the cell body.

Question 275: In which cellular compartment does the citric acid cycle occur?

Cytoplasm
Intermembrane space
Mitochondrial matrix (Correct answer)
Inner mitochondrial membrane

Correct answer: Mitochondrial matrix

All citric acid cycle enzymes reside in the mitochondrial matrix, except succinate dehydrogenase.

Question 276: In the context of the third paragraph, what is the best definition for the word 'adsorbing'?

Accumulating on the surface of the ice crystals. (Correct answer)
Chemically reacting with and dissolving the ice.
Repelling and pushing the ice crystals away.
Absorbing and integrating into the crystal's interior.

Correct answer: Accumulating on the surface of the ice crystals.

The sentence reads, 'By adsorbing to the surface of ice, they inhibit the growth of these crystals...' The phrase 'to the surface' provides direct context, indicating that adsorption is a surface phenomenon where molecules adhere to the exterior of a substance, as opposed to absorption, which involves permeating the interior.

Question 277: A useful technique for the smallest angle is to look for the one that appears most like what?

A nearly closed or sharp point (Correct answer)
A full circle
A straight line
A wide open fan

Correct answer: A nearly closed or sharp point

The smallest angle looks the most narrow and pointed.

Question 278: The most efficient first step on each Angle Ranking item is to:

Measure angle A precisely
Start with the angle that has the longest rays
Read all answer choices twice
Scan all four angles quickly to spot the obvious extremes (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Scan all four angles quickly to spot the obvious extremes

A quick scan for the smallest and largest frames the whole ranking.

Question 279: Roughly how much time is allotted for the entire DAT Reading Comprehension section?

About 60 minutes (Correct answer)
About 10 minutes
About 180 minutes
About 5 minutes

Correct answer: About 60 minutes

Test-takers get approximately 60 minutes for the Reading Comprehension section.

Question 280: Epimers are diastereomers that differ at:

Exactly one stereocenter (Correct answer)
Every stereocenter
No stereocenters
The carbonyl carbon only

Correct answer: Exactly one stereocenter

Epimers are diastereomers that differ in configuration at only a single stereocenter.

Dental Admission Test (DAT)

The DAT is a standardized examination designed to assess general academic ability and comprehension of scientific information, serving as a key component for admission to dental schools in the U.S. and Canada.

280

Questions

315 min

Time Limit

70%

To Pass

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